A hierarchical wireless network is provided with a mesh backbone network portion and a switching tree network portion, The mesh backbone network portion includes first tier nodes each having at least one wireless link to another first tier node, The first tier nodes execute a link-state protocol for routing packets, The switching tree network portion includes second tier nodes each having a single wireless link to one first tier node and at least one wireless link to one third tier node, and third tier nodes each having a single wireless link to one second tier node. The second tier and the third tier nodes execute switching rules for switching packets,

A method provides an information centric network with a software defined network based on an information centric networking protocol on top of a physical network based on an internet protocol. A controller in the software defined network receives a first packet of an object request in the information centric network. The controller encodes a message ID indicating an object source of the object request into a header of the first packet. The controller installs forwarding rules on forwarding elements in the physical network such that further packets of the object request are forwarded according to the installed forwarding rules by the forwarding elements rewriting headers of the further packets.

A network apparatus for a network software service layer (NSSL) service bus. The network apparatus includes a memory storing executable instructions and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor executing the executable instructions, where the processor is configured to receive a service description comprising a named service and a network identifier identifying a network node associated with the named service, select a service description according to the named service, and transmit a named service request to the network node according to the service description selected.

Accommodation design for wavelength and sub-λ paths in a communication network is performed. If sub-λ path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a single-hop logical route, the accommodation in the wavelength path is executed. If sub-λ path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a multi-hop logical route, a logical route is selected based on the wavelength path and the sub-λ path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Additionally, each physical route suitable for the sub-λ path accommodation is searched for. If the route can accommodate a wavelength path set in a single-hop logical route by available wavelength allocation, the sub-λ path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Furthermore, routes in consideration of overlapping of nodes, pipelines, and links and operation rate are selected based on information about the start and end nodes of each of redundant routes.

A method that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, identifying, by a network device comprising a processor, a bearer path through a communication network for carrying internet protocol packets associated with a calling session between a first mobile device and a second mobile device and activating, by the network device, a bridging bearer path at a nearest network element to generate a direct tunnel for carrying the internet protocol packets associated with the calling session and to modify the bearer path to a shortest bearer path, where the nearest network element comprises a network element that is communicatively coupled to both the first mobile device and the second mobile device and that is closest to the first mobile device and the second mobile device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

In an example, a network device may receive a L3VPN packet of which an egress label edge router (LER) is the network device, and acquire an adjacency index of an adjacency entry in an adjacency table according to the destination IP address of the inner IP datagram from the L3VPN packet. The network device may acquire a PW extended index of a PW extended entry in a PW extended table and a private network layer-2 header for the inner IP datagram from an adjacency entry having the adjacency index. By using the private network layer-2 header and a public network label, a private network label and a public network layer-2 header in a PW extended entry having the PW extended index, the network device may encapsulate the inner IP datagram into a L2VPN packet and forward the L2VPN packet through a physical egress interface in the PW extended entry.

Methods and apparatus to provide a consumer services cloud in a communications network are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a processor; and a computer readable storage medium including computer readable instructions which, when executed, cause the processor to perform operations. The operations include identifying which of multiple possible users associated with a communications network customer is a current user of a client device based on authentication information included in a request for access from the client device to a communication network. The network communication containing the request is diverted to the apparatus by a software-defined networking switch. The operations also include, in response to identifying the current user, accessing a first profile corresponding to the identified current user to determine a rule to be used to handle network communications within the communications network. Further operations include configuring the software-defined networking switch.

A network device is configured to provide, via an Ethernet segment with a customer network, active-active multi-homing L2 virtual bridge connectivity to the customer network using an EVPN instance (EVI) and L3 routing using an IRB interface that is a L3 routing interface assigned to the EVI; to receive, from a peer PE device of the EVPN instance, an EVPN route comprising an L2-L3 binding for a customer device of the customer network and associating the L2-L3 binding with the Ethernet segment, the L2-L3 binding comprising an L2 and an L3 address assigned to the customer device, wherein the peer PE device provides, with the network device and via the Ethernet segment, active-active multi-homing L2 virtual bridge connectivity to the customer network; and to forward, via the Ethernet segment and based at least on the L2-L3 binding received from the peer PE device, an L3 packet to the customer device.

A system and method for the late-biding of time-based media in real-time. With late binding, the sender may create time-based media before or at the same time an active delivery route to the recipient is discovered. As soon as the route becomes available, the media is transmitted. The existing DNS and email infrastructure is possibly used for route discovery, while any real-time transmission protocol may be used for the actual delivery of the media. “Progressive” emails may also be used for the real-time delivery of time-based media.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for OAM in overlay networks. In response to receiving a packet associated with an OAM operation from a device in an overlay network, the system generates an OAM packet. The system can be coupled with the overlay network and can include a tunnel endpoint interface associated with an underlay address and a virtual interface associated with an overlay address. The overlay address can be an anycast address assigned to the system and another device in the overlay network. Next, the system determines that a destination address associated with the packet is not reachable through the virtual interface, the destination address corresponding to a destination node in the overlay network. The system also determines that the destination address is reachable through the tunnel endpoint interface. The system then provides the underlay address associated with the tunnel endpoint interface as a source address in the OAM packet.