A method and an apparatus for routing data packets. The solution in a communication network including a set of nodes, storing information regarding nodes of the network; and when transmitting a data packet to a destination node in the network, determining and including in the data packet the recipient identification; determining and including in the data packet the direction of the destination node in the network; determining and including in the data packet a hop count indicator indicating the number of node-to-node hops to the destination node; setting in the data packet the transmission direction indicator equal to a value corresponding to direction down and transmitting the packet.

Accommodation design for wavelength and sub-λ paths in a communication network is performed. If sub-λ path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a single-hop logical route, the accommodation in the wavelength path is executed. If sub-λ path accommodation is possible according to search for a wavelength path present in a multi-hop logical route, a logical route is selected based on the wavelength path and the sub-λ path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Additionally, each physical route suitable for the sub-λ path accommodation is searched for. If the route can accommodate a wavelength path set in a single-hop logical route by available wavelength allocation, the sub-λ path is accommodated in the wavelength path. Furthermore, routes in consideration of overlapping of nodes, pipelines, and links and operation rate are selected based on information about the start and end nodes of each of redundant routes.

An initial data center is selected to host the online conference. This data center can be selected based on the locations of the participants, a weighting (or ‘priority’) of the participants, or a combination of the two (e.g., locations that are weighted by the participant's priority.) Typically, the data center closest to the centroid (i.e., geometric center, or ‘center of mass’) of the participants is selected. In anticipation that participants will join and/or leaver the conference, a list is calculated that each possible change to a respective data center that will be selected if that change occurs. This list may be distributed to the data centers that, if selected, would host the online conference.

One embodiment provides a system for facilitating efficient communication of an interest group packet indicating a collection of interests. During operation, the system receives, by an intermediate node, a first packet which has a name and indicates a set of member interests, wherein a member interest has a name, wherein a name is a hierarchically structured variable length identifier that includes contiguous name components ordered from a most general level to a most specific level. In response to obtaining a content object which satisfies a member interest, the system removes the indicated member interest from the first packet. The system adds an entry in a pending interest table for the first packet, wherein the entry indicates the name for the first packet, the name for each member interest, and an indicator of whether each member interest is satisfied. The system transmits the first packet to another node.

In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving, by a network device within a tree-based topology rooted by a root network device, a request message from a child network device for generating an optimized tree-based topology for a future use by the child network device at a future time instance; the network device executing an objective function for generating the optimized tree-based topology for the future use by the child network device; and the network device providing network communications, for the child network device, at the future time instance using the optimized tree-based topology.

A method for transmitting a signal by a neighbor awareness networking (NAN) terminal in a wireless communication system, according to embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: sensing a medium in a discovery window; selecting a back-off count value when the medium is in an occupied state; and transmitting a service discovery frame after performing countdown on the basis of the back-off count value, wherein an interval in which the back-off count value is determined on the basis of at least one of an interval in which a back-off count value for transmitting a synchronization beacon frame is selected, the length of the discovery window, and a hop count value of the terminal.

Systems and methods for performing routing are described. For each of a plurality of messages transmitted over a primary route, a message transmission indication is received by an application. The application further receives, for at least one of the messages, a conversion indication that is based on the transmitted message. The quality of the primary route is determined based on a subset or all of the transmission indications and a subset or all of the conversion indications. Based on this determination, an alternate route is selected to replace the primary route.

Aspects of the embodiments are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods performed at a network element. Embodiments include receiving a packet; identifying a hop number for the network element; identifying a unique identifier for the network element; determining a path identifier based on the hop number and the unique identifier; augmenting the packet metadata with the path identifier; and transmitting the packet to a next network element.

A method including acquiring, by a first CDN cache server, a first network distance, a second network distance and a third network distance; determining, by the first CDN cache server, that the first network distance is greater than the sum of the second network distance and the third network distance, generating back-to-source routing information, and sending the back-to-source routing information to a second CDN cache server; a back-to-source routing path indicated by the back-to-source routing information including: passing through the first CDN cache server, the second CDN cache server and a source station. The techniques of the present disclosure employ an indirect back-to-source route when determining, according to a network distance between the source station and the CDN cache server, that a back-to-source route of indirect back-to-source is better than that of direct back-to-source, thus increasing a back-to-source speed and reducing a back-to-source error rate.

One embodiment provides a system that indicates conditions associated with received content. During operation, the system generates, by a first computing device, an interest message which includes a name, wherein the interest message further includes a verification token which is a hash of a nonce. In response to transmitting the interest message to a second computing device, the system receives a content object message which includes a same name as the name for the interest message. In response to detecting a condition associated with the content object message, the system generates a content object return message which includes the nonce and a same name as the name for the content object message. The system forwards the content object return message to the second computing device, thereby facilitating the second computing device to process the content object return message.