In some examples, a provider edge device provides L2 virtual bridge connectivity for at least one customer network using an EVPN instance and L3 routing using an IRB interface that is a L3 routing interface assigned to the EVPN instance; the provider edge device obtains an indication of a new binding for an endpoint device of the at least one customer network, the new binding comprising a first L2 address and a L3 address that are assigned to the endpoint device; and the provider edge device outputs, in response to determining the provider edge device stores a prior binding for the endpoint device of a second L2 address and the L3 address that are assigned to the endpoint device, an EVPN route comprising an indication of the new binding and an indication the new binding is an updated binding of the prior binding for the endpoint device.

The present invention discloses a method for advertising routing information, and embodiments of the present invention further provide a virtual private network server device, an IP edge node device, and a client-based virtual private network system. In the technical solutions of the present invention, a virtual private network server first collects MAC address routing information of each site on a local virtual private network and then sends MAC address routing information of each site except a destination site in a unicast manner to a customer edge node that corresponds to each site on the virtual private network. This solves the problem that CE nodes in sites on the virtual private network cannot exchange routing information with each other by using a routing protocol because multicast packets are filtered by an access node of the data center network.

Aspects of the embodiments are directed to systems, apparatuses and methods performed at a network element. Embodiments include receiving a packet; identifying a hop number for the network element; identifying a unique identifier for the network element; determining a path identifier based on the hop number and the unique identifier; augmenting the packet metadata with the path identifier; and transmitting the packet to a next network element.

Methods and apparatus for handling failure of traffic forwarding (TF) systems in networks that include multiple zones each including a TF system between a production network and a border network. A TF system advertises routes in its zone and handles egress of packets from sources on the local production network onto the border network. TF systems may also advertise low-priority routes in other zones. If a TF system in a zone fails, sources in the zone may make connection requests to the low-priority routes. Instead of egressing the packets onto the border network, the requests on the low-priority routes are responded to with reset messages. Thus, the sources do not have to wait for a connection timeout, and packets for destinations in the zone are not egressed onto local border networks in other zones and sent through thin pipes between the local border networks.

A first device may determine an Internet Protocol version R (IPvR) interface address associated with a second device, where R is greater than or equal to four. The first device and the second device may be associated with an external border gateway protocol peering session. The first device may generate an Internet Protocol version S (IPvS) interface address based on the IPvR interface address associated with the second device, where S is greater than or equal to six and different than R. The first device may store the IPvS interface address in a routing table. The first device may receive, from the second device, a service route that includes the IPvS interface address, and may provide the service route to a third device. The first device may provide a labeled route to the third device. The labeled route may include a label associated with the IPvS interface address.

A method for routing a request for content from a content provider through an IPv6 network is described, the IPv6 network being an information centric network (ICN) in which content is directly addressed using at least a portion of an IPv6 address. The method includes receiving, at an IPv6 network, a request for content, determining that the request does not comprise an ICN address. The method further includes intercepting the request, and translating the request into an IPv6 address in which at least a portion of the address is directed to or associated with the piece of content. Systems and methods described herein address problems arising from the interaction between IP and ICN networking models.

An electronic device that relays an Internet Protocol (IP) packet compliant with one of a plurality of IP versions includes circuitry configured to process the IP packet in each of a first mode operating as a router and a second mode operating as a bridge; and set, as a mode of the electronic device, one of the first mode or the second mode, based on which of the plurality of IP versions the IP packet to be processed is compliant with.

A method is provided in one particular example and may include obtaining routing information for a plurality of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in a first network that natively supports a first Internet protocol, the routing information for the plurality of IP addresses in the first network further comprising an additional IP address in the first network and an indication that the additional IP address in the first network is to be used as a tunnel endpoint within the first network for receiving data destined to any of the plurality of IP addresses in the first network; and sending data destined to any one of the plurality of IP addresses in the first network to the additional IP address in the first network.

An address allocation method, a carrier grade network address translation (CGN) device, and a CGN dual-active system, where a second CGN device receives a first to-be-sent packet sent by a network address translation (NAT) device, searches a recorded correspondence between a private network address, a public network address, and a port range for a source address of the first to-be-sent packet, sends an address allocation request used to request a public network address and a port range of the source address to a first CGN device when a search result indicating that no source address of the first to-be-sent packet is found. The first CGN device allocates a public network address and a port range to the source address of the first to-be-sent packet, records the network address and the port range, and synchronies the allocated public network address and the allocated port range to the second CGN device.

Exemplary methods include a first network device participating in an election process to determine a designated bit forwarding router (D-BFR). The methods include in response to determining the first network device is elected to be the D-BFR, performing D-BFR operations comprising determining an elected bitmask (BM) length of a BM based on maximum local BM lengths advertised by other BFRs in the network, wherein each bit of the BM will correspond to a bit forwarding egress router (BFER), and advertising the determined elected BM length to other BFRs. The methods may further include one or more of determining an elected tree type based on supported tree types advertised by other BFRs in the network, assigning one or more BM positions (BMPs) to one or more BFERs, and advertising the elected determined tree type and/or the assigned one or more BMPs.