A method, apparatus, and computer-readable medium that reduce UE capability message sizes are disclosed. The apparatus receives a request for UE capability information, wherein the request indicates at least one network supported UE capability. The UE sends a targeted response indicating a capability specific to the network supported UE capability and refrains from indicating other capabilities of the UE that are not indicated by the network in the request. The request may comprise a plurality of supported CA band combinations and a network-specific set of features supported in connection with the plurality of CA band combinations. The response may comprise, for each CA band combination in the plurality of requested CA band combinations, an indication of whether the CA band combination is supported by the UE and a separate indication of support or a lack of support for each feature in the set of network-specific features when operating in the CA band combination.

A data processing method, a related device, and a system are provided. The method executed by a first network device includes receiving PDH frame data; loading the PDH frame data and a stuffing bit into a virtual container to obtain the virtual container that includes the PDH frame data, where the stuffing bit in the virtual container carries information about a clock frequency difference between a clock frequency of the Ethernet and a clock frequency of the PDH frame data; and performing virtual-container PWE3 encapsulation on the virtual container to obtain a virtual-container PWE3 packet. In at least some embodiments, difficulty in recovering the clock frequency of the PDH frame data when the PDH frame data is transmitted in the Ethernet is reduced, clock frequency jitters and drifts caused by the clock frequency recovery are reduced, and user experience is improved.

The present invention moves service control, including call control, for a user element from a cellular network to a multimedia subsystem (MS), such as the Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Call control is provided by the MS irrespective of whether the user element is using cellular or WLAN access for the call. Call control for originating and terminating calls in the CS or MS as well as transferring calls between a circuit-switched subsystem (CS) and MS is anchored at a continuity control function (CCF) in the MS. All call signaling for the call is passed through the CCF. The CCF is a service provided in the user element's home MS and anchors the user element's active CS calls and MS sessions to enable active roaming across the CS and MS.

A method includes establishing a connection between a physical signaling module and a physical media module, the physical signaling module configured to establish a connection between two communication endpoints, the physical media module configured to transfer media between the two communication endpoints. The method further includes establishing a connection between the physical signaling module and a media Virtual Network Function (VNF) module, the media VNF module running in a cloud-based environment, the media VNF module configured to transfer media between the two communication endpoints.

A data processing method, a related device, and a system are provided. The method executed by a first network device includes receiving PDH frame data; loading the PDH frame data and a stuffing bit into a virtual container to obtain the virtual container that includes the PDH frame data, where the stuffing bit in the virtual container carries information about a clock frequency difference between a clock frequency of the Ethernet and a clock frequency of the PDH frame data; and performing virtual-container PWE3 encapsulation on the virtual container to obtain a virtual-container PWE3 packet. In at least some embodiments, difficulty in recovering the clock frequency of the PDH frame data when the PDH frame data is transmitted in the Ethernet is reduced, clock frequency jitters and drifts caused by the clock frequency recovery are reduced, and user experience is improved.

A method includes establishing a connection between a physical signaling module and a physical media module, the physical signaling module configured to establish a connection between two communication endpoints, the physical media module configured to transfer media between the two communication endpoints. The method further includes establishing a connection between the physical signaling module and a media Virtual Network Function (VNF) module, the media VNF module running in a cloud-based environment, the media VNF module configured to transfer media between the two communication endpoints.