[Object] Effectively perform data communication [Solving Means] A communication device includes: a LINK that generates a first output signal on a basis of a first external signal from a first external device, outputs the first output signal to a second external device, generates a second output signal on a basis of a second external signal from the second external device, and outputs the second output signal to the first external device, in which each of the first output signal and the second external signal includes command information indicating content of a command transmitted from the first external device, final-destination-device-identification-information for identifying a final destination device of data transmitted from the first external device, internal address information indicating an internal address of the final destination device, data length information indicating a length of the data transmitted from the first external device, and data-end-position-information indicating an end position of the data transmitted from the first external device.

A method and device for processing routing table entries are provided. The method includes: determining a first portion and a second portion in a network portion of an ipv6 address and a first virtual route forwarding instance identifier corresponding to the ipv6 address, the first portion being high 32 bits of the network portion and the second portion being low 32 bits of the network portion; combining the first portion and the first virtual route forwarding instance identifier to obtain first combined information, determining a first prefix index corresponding to the first combined information, and combining the second portion and the first prefix index to obtain second combined information; and correspondingly storing the first combined information and the first prefix index in a first routing table as routing table entry in the first routing table, and storing the second combined information in a second routing table as routing table entry in the second routing table. The problem of waste of storage resources for ipv6 route storage in the related art is solved.

Mechanisms for switch upgrades using remote containers. An example system can export, to a server, a state of software processes associated with a first software container at the system. The system can generate a lightweight software container configured to forward traffic associated with the first software container to a second software container at the server, generated based on the state. The system can perform a switchover between the first software container and lightweight software container. The switchover can enable the lightweight software container to forward, to the second container, traffic associated with the first software container. The system can generate a fourth software container based on a snapshot of the second software container, and perform another switchover between the lightweight software container and fourth software container. The switchover can include enabling the fourth software container to handle traffic associated with the first software container, and disabling the lightweight software container.

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a plurality of uniform resource identifiers (URI's) associated with a particular domain. Each of the URI's identifies a content page comprising one or more signature elements. The method further includes, for each URI in the plurality of URI's, successively testing the URI to identify a core of the URI and any unnecessary elements of the URI. The core of the URI is sufficient to retrieve a version of the content page including all of its signature elements. The method additionally includes, for each URI in the plurality of URI's, updating a set of rules based on the identified core and the identified unnecessary elements. The set of rules establishes a normalized version of the URI.

A communication device for use in a system including a database storing a unique identifier and position information for every mobile communication terminal is provided with an acquisition unit that acquires, based on the unique identifier of a mobile communication terminal serving as a communication destination, the position information of the mobile communication terminal serving as the communication destination from the database, and acquires an IP address of a router accommodating the mobile communication terminal serving as the communication destination, based on the acquired position information, and a communication unit that transmits a packet having the IP address in a header.

This application provides an address processing method and a network device. The method includes: obtaining, by a first network device, an address; determining, by the first network device, a length of a valid address of the address, where the valid address of the address is a 1.sup.st bit, whose bit value is 1, of the address to a last bit of the address; and adding, by the first network device when the length of the valid address of the address is less than a table width of a target table, S zeros before the valid address of the address to obtain an adjusted address, and processing the adjusted address based on the adjusted address and the target table, where S is a difference between the table width of the target table and the length of the valid address of the address.

A method includes receiving a request to create an Internet Protocol (IP) schema on a network from a first user. The method further includes receiving a list of IP parameters associated with a device connected to the network. The method further includes receiving a positional encoding for the IP parameters that associates the IP parameters to bit locations in an IP address. The method further includes determining whether the first user is authorized to create the IP schema. The method further includes generating, in response to a determination that the first user is authorized, the IP schema based on the positional encoding for the IP parameters.

One or more DNS services are provided that are configured to not only tolerate some commonly observed DNSSEC misconfigurations (while still providing DNSSEC's security guarantees), but also provide a more intelligent DNS resolution process informed by DNSSEC.

[Object] Effectively perform data communication [Solving Means] A communication device includes: a LINK that generates a first output signal on a basis of a first external signal from a first external device, outputs the first output signal to a second external device, generates a second output signal on a basis of a second external signal from the second external device, and outputs the second output signal to the first external device, in which each of the first output signal and the second external signal includes command information indicating content of a command transmitted from the first external device, final-destination-device-identification-information for identifying a final destination device of data transmitted from the first external device, internal address information indicating an internal address of the final destination device, data length information indicating a length of the data transmitted from the first external device, and data-end-position-information indicating an end position of the data transmitted from the first external device.

Some embodiments provide a novel method for assigning a unique internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) link-local address to each interface of a software router implementing a plurality of logical interfaces for a corresponding plurality of logical networks. In some embodiments, the method, for each logical interface, determines a logical network identifier for a logical network corresponding to the logical interface and generates the link-local address based on that logical network identifier (e.g., a virtual network identifier (VNI)).