The present invention relates to an electronic voting system and an electronic voting method. The system for electronic voting includes an operation computer including at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the processor causes the system to: perform user authentication of voting participants who wish to participate in the online electronic voting; anonymize information of the voting participants whose the user authentication has been completed; give unique identification information to each of the voting participants who have completed anonymization process; and collect the voting information that the electronic voting has been conducted using the unique identification information given to the voting participants, and count the collected voting information as voting results.

A shard distribution apparatus and method are disclosed. The shard distribution apparatus can include a trust calculation unit configured to obtain a trust value for each of a multiple number of nodes in a blockchain network by receiving a consensus result from each of the multiple nodes, where the consensus result may be obtained by aggregating the result of verifying the validity of a block by each of the multiple nodes and the results of verifying the validity of the block received from other nodes; and a shard distribution unit configured to distribute the multiple nodes to a multiple number of shards by calculating a shard trust value, which is represented by a sum of trust values of nodes distributed to each of the multiple shards, and distributing the multiple nodes such that deviations of the calculated shard trust values are the smallest.

There may be provided a computer-implemented method. It may be implemented using a blockchain such as, for example, the Bitcoin blockchain. The computer-implemented method includes: i) joining a congress by transferring, by a node operating in a proof-of-work blockchain network, one or more digital assets to a congress pool having one or more other digital assets associated with other members of a congress; ii) detecting, by the node, a special transaction of digital assets on the proof-of-work blockchain network to an address associated with the congress pool, the special transaction satisfying determined criteria; and iii) minting, by the node, one or more digital assets on a proof-of-stake blockchain network in response to detecting the special transaction.

The present application provides blockchain-based anti-counterfeiting methods, apparatuses, and systems. One method includes: obtaining an anti-counterfeiting verification request submitted by a user for a product; initiating anti-counterfeiting verification of the product in response to the anti-counterfeiting verification request, wherein the anti-counterfeiting verification comprises integrity verification of anti-counterfeiting information generated by a plurality of anti-counterfeiting participants on a blockchain, wherein the anti-counterfeiting information comprises a plurality of types of anti-counterfeiting identification information corresponding to the product; and returning an anti-counterfeiting verification result for the product to the user.

A method of maintaining a distributed ledger at a client node includes: storing a distributed ledger defining a plurality of records each containing a set of values; storing (i) a local voting weight corresponding to the client node, and (ii) respective remote voting weights for a plurality of remote client nodes; obtaining a proposed update to a record of the distributed ledger; generating a local vote to apply or discard the proposed update and transmitting the local vote to the remote client nodes; receiving remote votes to apply or discard the proposed update from the remote client nodes; determining whether to permit the proposed update based on (i) the local vote and the local voting weight, and (ii) the remote votes and the corresponding remote voting weights; and according to the determination, applying the proposed update to the distributed ledger or discarding the proposed update.

The present disclosure discloses an electric border gateway device which adopts the blockchain technology to implement communication authentication and data transmission encryption at the gateway. As a device for sinking and processing local information, the border gateway device may build not only a local blockchain network with a variety of local electric sensing terminal devices, but also a regional blockchain network with other border gateways and electric management platforms. As a critical node of these two types of blockchain, the border gateway may enable the authentication of identity legality between electric sensing terminal devices, the critical data storage in the blockchain ledger, the deployment and implementation of blockchain transaction by control and coordinated functions, and the safe and reliable data interaction. The present disclosure also discloses a method for chaining and storage of sensing data based on the electric border gateway device.

A system and method for digital smart wallet communications that operates by managing separately-owned, private blockchains to reduce processing times, eliminate proof of work burdens, and retain blockchain immutable security while allowing protection of confidential information contained on each blockchain. The system and method may further comprise auditability of blockchains, and may be operated on an integrated communications platform that allows seamless interoperability of communication devices across multiple modes of communication, and automates digital smart wallet transactions.

A method and system for blockchain-driven communication using encapsulated virtual chains can facilitate blockchain-driven inter-PSAP communication using encapsulated virtual chains. Embodiments can be generalized for any context (e.g. not only for the specific examples of the Next Generation 9-1-1 and 1-1-2 (NG9-1-1/NG1-1-2) architectures).

A method and a system for multi-block mining in at least one single round under different consensus schemes. Embodiments can utilize a concept of sequential multiple block mining in (a) single mining round(s) from a single node. Thereby, the node can separate the transactions based on the context to select the appropriate consensus algorithm in order to use multiple consensus algorithms at the same mining round, one for each block (not one after another in different mining rounds).

A computer-implemented method of making a decision on a blockchain is provided. The method comprises providing a blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) redeemable by means of a first signature (σ(A.sub.m), σ(B.sub.m)) associated with a selection (A, B) and a second signature (σ(A), σ(B)) associated with the selection, providing each of a plurality of participants (U.sub.i) with at least one share (k.sub.A,i, k.sub.B,.sub.i) of at least one respective secret value (k.sub.A, k.sub.B) wherein a threshold number of shares is required in order to execute said second signature, and submitting the blockchain voting commitment transaction (2) to the blockchain.