The guard-space reference disclosed herein is a signal transmitted in the guard spaces separating message data intervals, and configured to reveal amplitude noise or phase noise or both, using 5G or 6G technology. For example, the transmitter can transmit an I-branch with a predetermined amplitude level, and an orthogonal Q branch with zero amplitude, in the guard space. The receiver can measure the received amplitude and phase of the guard-space reference, subtract the initial amplitude and phase, and thereby measure both phase noise and amplitude noise. The receiver can then subtract the measured amplitude and phase effects from the message data, thereby negating both phase noise and amplitude noise. Guard-space references disclosed herein can preserve the inter-subcarrier orthogonality, inter-symbol separation, and signal circularity advantages of prior art, while additionally providing both amplitude noise and phase noise mitigation. Examples are suitable for wireless standards.

Provided are a base station device and a mobile station device, which can lighten a cell-search processing. The base station device includes a frame constitution unit for forming a frame, in which a pilot symbol multiplied by a base station scrambling code and a plurality of sequences contained in the corresponding sequence set is arranged in at least the head or tail, and a radio transmission unit for sending the formed frame. On the receiving side, the frame timing can be detected from the position of a pilot symbol contained in that frame. Since the base station scrambling code and the sequence set containing the sequences are made to correspond to each other, candidates can be narrowed to at most the base station scrambling codes of the number of the combinations of the sequences contained in the sequence set, by detecting the sequences multiplied by the pilot symbol.

A method and apparatus are provided. The method includes, but is not limited to, receiving a universal synchronization signal (USS) including a universal primary synchronization signal (UPSS) and a universal secondary synchronization signal (USSS), wherein the USS is coded using a mother code which is extended to m resource blocks (RBs) and n orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and a code cover of m RBs and n symbols is applied to the mother code, determining a cell identity based on the USS, determining a frame timing based on the USS, and connecting a user equipment to a network using the cell identity and the frame timing.

The present invention provides a transmitter which can suitably perform a transmission power control in a PT-RS port. In this transmitter (100), a control unit (101) determines a transmission power for transmitting a reference signal (PT-RS) for phase tracking and a data signal within a range in which the maximum transmission power for each antenna port is not exceeded. In addition, a transmission unit (105) transmits the reference signal for phase tracking and the data signal at the transmission power determined by the control unit (101).

Disclosed are a method for transmitting or receiving a phase tracking reference signal between a terminal and a base station in a wireless communication system and an apparatus supporting the method. According to one embodiment applicable to the present invention, on the basis of association between the PT-RS and greater of the two demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port indices under code division multiplexing in the time domain (CDM-T), a terminal and a base station determine a first resource for the PT-RS, and transmit and receive same by means of the first resource, wherein the first resource is located on the same subcarrier as a second resource, which is for a PT-RS associated with the smaller of the two DMRS port indices under CDM-T, but on a different symbol than the second resource.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) with the capability to support a single active TCI state may receive configuration signaling which configures the UE with an active transmission configuration indication (TCI) state corresponding to a first beam for a control resource set and a shared data channel. The UE may perform a random access channel procedure to select a second beam from a set of different beams. The UE may update a quasi co-location (QCL) assumption for the control resource set to correspond to the second beam and deactivate the active TCI state based on updating the QCL assumption. The UE may then monitor the control resource set, the shared data channel, or both, using the second beam. The UE may deactivate the TCI state and use the indicated downlink beam so that the UE does not exceed its capability.

A synchronization method, an apparatus, and a system, which relate to the communications field and applied to synchronization signal transmission to implement synchronization of data frame transmission between devices on an unlicensed carrier are provided. The synchronization method is applied to synchronization on an unlicensed carrier. A network device sets a synchronization signal in a first subframe, and the network device sends the first subframe or the first subframe and a second subframe to user equipment, where the first subframe includes M orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, the second subframe includes N OFDM symbols, M and N are positive integers, M>N, and the first subframe and the second subframe are subframes of an unlicensed carrier.

A user equipment (UE) can include processing circuitry configured to decode downlink control information (DCI) from a base station, the DCI including a modulation coding scheme (MCS) index and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) allocation. A demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is encoded for transmission to the base station within a plurality of DMRS symbols based on the PUSCH allocation. A phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) time domain density is determined based on the MCS index and a number count of the DM-RS symbols for the DM-RS transmission. The PTRS is encoded for transmission using a plurality of PT-RS symbols based on the determined time domain density. The plurality of symbols includes one or both of front-loaded DM-RS symbols and additional DM-RS symbols.

Provided are a configuration method and a transmission method of a new reference signal for frequency offset estimation in a novel wireless communication system. The method may include configuring a synchronization signal to be transmitted through a first bandwidth part of one or more bandwidth parts configured by dividing an entire bandwidth into one or more parts, allocating the one or more reference signals for estimating the frequency offset on one or more resources other than a resource for configuring the synchronization signal, and transmitting the one or more reference signals for estimating the frequency offset.

Included are a demodulation unit 20 that demodulates a received OFDM modulation signal to acquire a demodulated constellation signal, an ideal constellation signal generation unit 312 that generates an ideal constellation signal from the demodulated constellation signal, a data extraction unit 313 that extracts signal data included in some symbol sections including a known reference symbol, among all symbol sections, from the demodulated constellation signal and the ideal constellation signal, a phase error calculation unit 314 that calculates the phase error of the demodulated constellation signal for the ideal constellation signal, with respect to the extracted signal data, a phase error characteristics estimation unit 315 that estimates the frequency characteristics of the phase error, and a phase error correction unit 316 that corrects the phase error of the demodulated constellation signal, based on the frequency characteristics of the phase error.