A method for determining a risk level of an instance on a cloud server. The method includes: obtaining one or more monitoring items of an instance to be monitored and a rule base of each monitoring item; obtaining monitoring data corresponding to each monitoring item of the instance to be monitored; and determining a risk level of the instance to be monitored under each monitoring item based on the rule base and the monitoring data of each monitoring item.

In the present disclosure, a network monitoring system is provided including an IP network monitoring unit (610) that monitors an IP network to which an IP device is connected; and a non-IP device monitoring unit (630) that monitors a non-IP device. It is possible to monitor both the IP network and the non-IP device in a system that includes the IP network including the IP device and the non-IP device.

Provided herein are systems and methods for providing insights or metrics in connection with provisioning applications and/or desktop sessions to end-users. Network devices (e.g., appliances, intermediary devices, gateways, proxy devices or middle-boxes) can gather insights such as network-level statistics. Additional insights (e.g., metadata and metrics) associated with virtual applications and virtual desktops can be gathered to provide administrators with comprehensive end-to-end real-time and/or historical reports of performance and end-user experience (UX) insights. Insights relating to an application or desktop session can be used to determine and/or improve the overall health of the infrastructure of the session, Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, the applications (e.g., remote desktop application) being delivered using the infrastructure, and/or the corresponding user experience.

Provided are a method and an apparatus for transmitting an uplink channel in an unlicensed band. The method includes configuring an interface for an uplink channel based on interlacing information determined according to subcarrier spacing (SCS) of an unlicensed band; and transmitting the uplink channel by applying the interlace.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums for Virtual Network Function (VNF) management. In example embodiments, there is provided a method of managing a VNF. The method includes sending, from a VNF manager to a charging component, at least one request for charging information associated with at least one VNF. The VNF manager manages the at least one VNF. The charging information indicates respective rates for charging the at least one VNF under different network conditions. The method further includes, in response to receiving the charging information, managing lifecycle of the at least one VNF at least in part based on the charging information.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and computer readable mediums for Virtual Network Function (VNF) management. In example embodiments, there is provided a method of managing a VNF. The method includes sending, from a VNF manager to a charging component, at least one request for charging information associated with at least one VNF. The VNF manager manages the at least one VNF. The charging information indicates respective rates for charging the at least one VNF under different network conditions. The method further includes, in response to receiving the charging information, managing lifecycle of the at least one VNF at least in part based on the charging information.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for multi-level classification of data traffic flows based on information in a first packet for a data traffic flow. In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, a key can be generated from intercepted DNS data to track data traffic flows by application names and destination IP addresses. Based on these keys, patterns can be discerned to infer data traffic information based on only the information in a first packet, such as destination IP address. The determined patterns can be used to predict classifications of future traffic flows with similar key information. In this way, data traffic flows can be classified and steered in a network based on limited information available in a first packet.

A method includes: a first node monitors a status of a connection between the first node and a center system, and switches to the standby node working mode when the status of the connection between the first node and the center system is disconnected. The center system monitors a status of a connection between the center system and the first node, and sends a switch-to-master command to a second node when the status of the connection between the center system and the first node is disconnected. The second node switches to the master node working mode based on the switch-to-master command. Accordingly, whether a master node is switched to a standby node is determined through connectivity detection between the node and the center system, and whether a standby node is switched to a master node is determined based on an indication of the center system.

A client device is configured to communicate with an access point over a wireless network, exchanging data with the access point over a selected communication channel. The client device stores an identifier of the selected communication channel. After the wireless connection to the access point has ended, the client device initiates a process to reconnect to the access point over the selected communication channel using the stored identifier.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media analyzing memory usage in a network node. A network assurance appliance may be configured to query a node in the network fabric for a number of hardware level entries, stored in memory for the node, that are associated with a concrete level network rule. The network assurance appliance may identify a logical level network intent associated with the concrete level network rule, identify a logical level component of the logical level network intent, and attribute the number of hardware level entries to the logical level component.