Described herein are methods and devices (e.g., routers) that add in-network services to a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network. A method can include a router of the MPLS network receiving a packet and modifying the packet by adding one or more MPLS extension headers, adding a header of the extension header(s), and adding an indication within an MPLS label stack that one or more MPLS extension headers have been added to the packet. The method can also include the router forwarding the packet as modified to another router of the MPLS network. In certain embodiments, an extension header label (EHL) within a label value field of a label stack entry indicates that one or more MPLS extension headers have been added to the packet. In other embodiments, a forward equivalent class (FEC) indicates that one or more MPLS extension headers follow the MPLS label stack.

The disclosure describes techniques for enhancements to the Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) to reduce Source Active (SA) message loops in one or more multicast domains having overlapping MSDP mesh groups. In some examples, a method includes receiving, by a first MSDP speaker, from a second MSDP speaker, a SA message. The method also includes, when the second MSDP speaker is in a mesh group with the first MSDP speaker, determining whether the first MSDP speaker includes an active SA state corresponding to the SA message. Additionally, the method includes, when the first MSDP speaker does not include the active SA state corresponding to the SA message, accepting the SA message and forwarding the SA message to a third MSDP speaker that is not in the mesh group with the first MSDP speaker and the second MSDP speaker.

The disclosure describes techniques for enhancements to the Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) to reduce Source Active (SA) message loops in one or more multicast domains having overlapping MSDP mesh groups. In some examples, a method includes receiving, by a first MSDP speaker, from a second MSDP speaker, a SA message. The method also includes, when the second MSDP speaker is in a mesh group with the first MSDP speaker, determining whether the first MSDP speaker includes an active SA state corresponding to the SA message. Additionally, the method includes, when the first MSDP speaker does not include the active SA state corresponding to the SA message, accepting the SA message and forwarding the SA message to a third MSDP speaker that is not in the mesh group with the first MSDP speaker and the second MSDP speaker.

Systems and methods for constrained path computation in networks with connectivity and resource availability rules build the necessary constraints directly into the routing graph so that all paths found are by construction satisfying of all the constraints. This is in contrast to the conventional approach of finding multiple paths and then applying the constraints. The present disclosure efficiently addresses the necessary constraints in the routing graph. Path Computation Engine (PCE) performance in terms of time to return acceptable paths to the user generically degrades as network scale (typically expressed through length and number of paths) increases. The present disclosure keeps the input graph small even though the graphs have expanded functionality to address constraints.

A method of operating first and second terminal devices for transmitting data in a device-to-device communication mode in a wireless telecommunications system supporting communications on a first carrier operating over a first frequency band and a second carrier operating over a second frequency band. The first terminal device transmits control signalling on the first carrier and this is received by the second terminal device. The control signalling comprises an indication of an allocation of radio resource blocks on the second carrier to be used for transmitting user-plane data from the first terminal device to the second terminal device. The first terminal device then proceeds to transmit the user-plane data to the second terminal device on the second carrier using the radio resource blocks on the second carrier identified by the control signalling. The control signalling may also provide an indication of an allocation of radio resource blocks on the first carrier to be used for transmitting user-plane data to the second terminal device.

A data packet transmission method and a border routing bridge device, where the method includes receiving, by a first border routing bridge device of a first area, a first data packet sent by a border routing bridge device of a second area to the first area, determining, a device identifier group of the second area according to the first data packet, determining, from the device identifier group of the second area, according to the first data packet, a device identifier of a border routing bridge device used to forward a return data packet sent by the target device to the source device, and sending, by the first border routing bridge device, a second data packet carrying the determined device identifier to the target device, where the determined device identifier is used as a source routing bridge device identifier of the second data packet.

A method by a network device functioning as a provider edge (PE) in an ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) to prevent transient loops between multi-home peer PEs. The method includes advertising a first EVPN label to one or more PEs that are multi-home peer PEs of the PE, advertising a second EVPN label to one or more PEs that are not multi-home peer PEs of the PE, receiving first traffic for a CE that is encapsulated with the first EVPN label as opposed to the second EVPN label, and discarding the first traffic in response to determining that a link between the PE and the CE is not operational and the first traffic for the CE is encapsulated with the first EVPN label.

A method by a network device functioning as a provider edge (PE) in an ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) to prevent transient loops between multi-home peer PEs. The method includes advertising a first EVPN label to one or more PEs that are multi-home peer PEs of the PE, advertising a second EVPN label to one or more PEs that are not multi-home peer PEs of the PE, receiving first traffic for a CE that is encapsulated with the first EVPN label as opposed to the second EVPN label, and discarding the first traffic in response to determining that a link between the PE and the CE is not operational and the first traffic for the CE is encapsulated with the first EVPN label.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for scaling a source network. A system may be configured to receive a network configuration for a source network, wherein the source network comprising a plurality of nodes, receive and a scale target for a scaled network, and identify, based on the scale target, one or more selected nodes in the plurality of nodes in the source network for implementing in the scaled network. The system may further be configured to reconfigure data plane parameters and control plane parameters for each node in the one or more selected nodes.

The disclosure has an object to allow local expansion without causing any loop. The disclosure is a system to which two nodes respectively belonging to different ring networks are connected, wherein the two nodes are connected to each other using a predetermined customized port, upon receipt of a predetermined unicast frame, one of the two nodes transmits the frame to another of the two nodes using the customized port, upon receipt of the predetermined unicast frame from the customized port, the other of the two nodes forwards the unicast frame, and upon receipt of a frame different from the predetermined unicast frame from the customized port, the other of the two nodes discards the frame.