Systems and methods are provided herein for a mechanism for faster convergence of network traffic after a network device's link is interrupted by leveraging the withdrawal of the ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) auto discovery (AD) route. This may be accomplished by a first device checking an ethernet segment identifier (ESI) status flag before generating an entry in the first device's forwarding table, where the entry is based on an IP route for a host received by a second network device. In response to receiving a withdrawal of an EVPN AD route from the second device, the first device may update the ESI status flag to indicate that the host on the ethernet segment (ES) is reachable only via the third device and update the entry that was based on the IP route for the host received by the second network device to prevent sending traffic to the host via the second device.

Systems and methods are provided herein for a mechanism for faster convergence of network traffic after a network device's link is interrupted by leveraging the withdrawal of the ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) auto discovery (AD) route. This may be accomplished by a first device checking an ethernet segment identifier (ESI) status flag before generating an entry in the first device's forwarding table, where the entry is based on an IP route for a host received by a second network device. In response to receiving a withdrawal of an EVPN AD route from the second device, the first device may update the ESI status flag to indicate that the host on the ethernet segment (ES) is reachable only via the third device and update the entry that was based on the IP route for the host received by the second network device to prevent sending traffic to the host via the second device.

A traffic forwarding method includes determining, by a first network device, a first address resolution protocol (ARP) entry of the access device, where the first ARP entry is used to indicate a mapping relationship among a media access control (MAC) address, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, and an egress port, the egress port includes a standby egress port, and the first network device is connected to the protection link through the standby egress port, receiving traffic sent by a network side, determining whether a fault exists in the first multi-chassis link aggregation group (MC-LAG) link, and when the first network device determines that a fault exists in the first MC-LAG link, sending the traffic to the second network device through the protection link based on a standby egress port number in the first ARP entry, where the standby egress port number is used to indicate the standby egress port.

A traffic forwarding method includes determining, by a first network device, a first address resolution protocol (ARP) entry of the access device, where the first ARP entry is used to indicate a mapping relationship among a media access control (MAC) address, an Internet Protocol (IP) address, and an egress port, the egress port includes a standby egress port, and the first network device is connected to the protection link through the standby egress port, receiving traffic sent by a network side, determining whether a fault exists in the first multi-chassis link aggregation group (MC-LAG) link, and when the first network device determines that a fault exists in the first MC-LAG link, sending the traffic to the second network device through the protection link based on a standby egress port number in the first ARP entry, where the standby egress port number is used to indicate the standby egress port.

A data multicast implementation method, apparatus, and system are provided. In some embodiments, a transmission device receives a standby forwarding path establishment request, where the standby forwarding path establishment request includes a device identifier, has a destination address being an address of a multicast source device, and is used to request to establish a standby forwarding path between a multicast destination device identified by the device identifier and the multicast source device. In those embodiments, when determining, based on the device identifier in the standby forwarding path establishment request, that the transmission device is located on an active forwarding path between the multicast destination device and the multicast source device, the transmission device skips using the transmission device as a device on the standby forwarding path between the multicast destination device and the multicast source device, and skips forwarding the standby forwarding path establishment request.

A data multicast implementation method, apparatus, and system are provided. In some embodiments, a transmission device receives a standby forwarding path establishment request, where the standby forwarding path establishment request includes a device identifier, has a destination address being an address of a multicast source device, and is used to request to establish a standby forwarding path between a multicast destination device identified by the device identifier and the multicast source device. In those embodiments, when determining, based on the device identifier in the standby forwarding path establishment request, that the transmission device is located on an active forwarding path between the multicast destination device and the multicast source device, the transmission device skips using the transmission device as a device on the standby forwarding path between the multicast destination device and the multicast source device, and skips forwarding the standby forwarding path establishment request.

A flow control method and an apparatus, the method including receiving, by a first integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a radio link failure (RLF) notification from a second IAB node, where the first IAB node is a child node of the second IAB node and the second IAB node is a parent node of the first IAB node, and rerouting, by the first IAB node, based on the RLF notification, uplink data that corresponds to N backhaul adaptation protocol (BAP) routing identifiers, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

A method includes: a first node monitors a status of a connection between the first node and a center system, and switches to the standby node working mode when the status of the connection between the first node and the center system is disconnected. The center system monitors a status of a connection between the center system and the first node, and sends a switch-to-master command to a second node when the status of the connection between the center system and the first node is disconnected. The second node switches to the master node working mode based on the switch-to-master command. Accordingly, whether a master node is switched to a standby node is determined through connectivity detection between the node and the center system, and whether a standby node is switched to a master node is determined based on an indication of the center system.

A first network device receives an association relationship sent by a second network device, where the association relationship includes an association relationship between a first path and a second path. The first network device generates first routing information between the first network device and a target network device based on the association relationship, where the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the first path, and when a cross-slice condition is met, the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the second path.

A first network device receives an association relationship sent by a second network device, where the association relationship includes an association relationship between a first path and a second path. The first network device generates first routing information between the first network device and a target network device based on the association relationship, where the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the first path, and when a cross-slice condition is met, the first routing information is used by the first network device to send a packet to the target network device through the second path.