This application provides a data transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: determining a first sending rate based on a network performance objective of first data and a network status of a first transmission control protocol (TCP) connection of a transport layer protocol, where the first TCP connection is used to send the first data; and sending the first data based on the first sending rate. In this way, network congestion control is more flexible, and TCP-based data transmission efficiency is improved.

Methods and systems for a networked storage environment are provided. One method includes splitting, by a first node, a payload into a plurality of data packets, each data packet having a portion of the payload indicated by an offset value indicating a position of each portion within the payload; transmitting, by the first node, the plurality of data packets to a second node using a network connection for a transaction, each data packet including a header generated by the first node having the offset value and a payload size; receiving, by the first node, a message from the second node indicating an offset value of a missing payload of a missing data packet from among the plurality of data packets; and resending, by the first node, the missing data packet and any other data packet whose offset value occurs after the offset value of the missing payload.

Devices and techniques for reorder resilient transport are described herein. A device may store data packets in sequential positions of a flow queue in an order in which the data packets were received. The device may retrieve a first data packet from a first sequential position and a second data packet from a second sequential position that is next in sequence to the first sequential position in the flow queue. The device may store the first data packet and the second data packet in a buffer and refrain from providing the first data packet and the second data packet to upper layer circuitry if the packet order information for the first data packet and the second data packet indicate that the first data packet and the second data packet were received out of order. Other embodiments are also described.

Methods and systems for a networked storage environment are provided. One method includes splitting, by a first node, a payload into a plurality of data packets, each data packet having a portion of the payload indicated by an offset value indicating a position of each portion within the payload; transmitting, by the first node, the plurality of data packets to a second node using a network connection for a transaction, each data packet including a header generated by the first node having the offset value and a payload size; receiving, by the first node, a message from the second node indicating an offset value of a missing payload of a missing data packet from among the plurality of data packets; and resending, by the first node, the missing data packet and any other data packet whose offset value occurs after the offset value of the missing payload.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th-generation (4G) communication system such as a long term evolution (LTE). A method and apparatus for performing a relay communication are provided. A remote user equipment (UE) according to the present disclosure is configured to acquire a first parameter related to relay load from each of a plurality of relay candidate UEs, to select a relay UE which will perform a relay communication with the remote UE from among the plurality of relay candidate UEs based on the first parameter acquired from each of the plurality of relay candidate UEs, and to perform the relay communication with the selected relay UE. The first parameter is generated based on cellular communication load between a base station (BS) connected to a corresponding relay candidate UE and the corresponding relay candidate UE.

When packet loss is detected during a communication session, a current interactivity mode is checked to determine whether to increase the amount of received audio data stored in a buffer of the receiving device. If the current interactivity mode indicates a low level of interactivity between participants in the communication session, then the total amount of received audio data stored in the buffer is increased, in order to increase the delay between receipt of audio data by the electronic device, and outputting of the audio data by the electronic device. The increased output delay is then used to recover lost packets, so that audio quality is increased while the level of interactivity between participants is low. When the current interactivity mode subsequently indicates higher participant interactivity, the amount of received audio data stored in the buffer may be reduced.

A communication control device including: a memory, and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to: transmit packets from the communication control device to a network device at each of a plurality of transmission rates, acquire a plurality of index values respectively indicating amounts of packet loss at the plurality of transmission rates, specify, among the plurality of transmission rates, a first transmission rate on which a corresponding index value among the plurality of index values has a dependence, and specify an upper limit of a vacant band between the communication control device and the network device based on the first transmission rate.

In order to achieve the dispersion of a processing load between communication devices that perform information transmission, an information communication system according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a first transmission system configured to transmit information in a direction from a first communication device to a second communication device; and a second transmission system configured to transmit information in a direction opposite to the direction of the first transmission system, wherein part of transmission information is received as received information in each of the first transmission system and the second transmission system.

Example embodiments describe a transmitter including data encapsulation circuitry configured to encapsulate data packets into Data Transport Units, DTUs, for further transmission over a communication medium. The data packets have respective Quality of Service, QoS, tolerances. The data encapsulation circuitry is configured to delay transmission of first data packets with a lower QoS tolerance and to group the first data packets in a subset of DTUs available for transportation of the first data packets.

A video encoding device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may transmit an encoded frame with a frame sequence number using a transmission protocol. The video encoding device, an application on the video encoding device, and/or a protocol layer on the encoding device may detect a packet loss by receiving an error notification. The packet loss may be detected at the MAC layer. The packet loss may be signaled using spoofed packets, such as a spoofed NAM packet, a spoofed XR packet, or a spoofed ACK packet. A lost packet may be retransmitted at the MAC layer (e.g., by the encoding device or another device on the wireless path). Packet loss detection may be performed in uplink operations and/or downlink operations, and/or may be performed in video gaining applications via the cloud. The video encoding device may generate and send a second encoded frame based on the error notification.