A network management system may allocate different amounts of bandwidth to different types of data traffic. The traffic types may be distinguished by their source device address, and whether the source device is part of, or external to, a first network. Packets may also be marked by their sender with information to identify a traffic type, and the marking may be used to determine the packet's treatment. The allocations given to the various types of traffic may be dynamically modified with changing traffic demands and conditions.

A routing system for distributing multicast routing information for a multicast service includes a plurality of routers including a multicast source router and a plurality of multicast receiver routers, the plurality of routers providing a multicast service, wherein the routers are configured to exchange multicast information associated with the multicast service including identification of multicast sources and the multicast receivers.

A method for offloading multicast replication from multiple tiers of edge nodes implemented by multiple host machines to a physical switch is provided. Each of the multiple host machines implements a provider edge node and a tenant edge node. One host machine among the multiple host machines receives a packet having an overlay multicast group identifier. The host machine maps the overlay multicast group identifier to an underlay multicast group identifier. The host machine encapsulates the packet with an encapsulation header that includes the underlay multicast group identifier to create an encapsulated packet. The host machine forwards the encapsulated packet to a physical switch of the network segment. The physical switch forwards copies of the encapsulated packet to tenant edge nodes at one or more ports that are determined to be interested in the underlay multicast group identifier.

A method of transmitting multicast traffic to workloads of tenants communicating over overlay networks provisioned on top of a physical network includes the steps of: detecting the multicast traffic; determining that the multicast traffic is bound for workloads of a first tenant and workloads of a second tenant; encapsulating one instance of the multicast traffic using a Layer 2 (L2) over Layer 3 (L3) encapsulation protocol to generate encapsulated traffic, wherein the encapsulated traffic includes an identifier of a first backplane network corresponding to the first tenant and an identifier of a second backplane network corresponding to the second tenant in a header portion of each packet of the encapsulated traffic; and transmitting, to a first host computing device, the encapsulated traffic with the identifiers of the first and second overlay networks.

A method for determining a designated forwarder (DF) of a multicast flow, a device, and a system are disclosed. In an Ethernet virtual private network (EVPN) scenario, a customer edge (CE) device is connected to a plurality of provider edge (PE) devices in a dual-homed or multi-homed manner. A first PE device is any one of the plurality of PE devices. After determining that the CE device connected to an Ethernet link joins a multicast group of a multicast flow, the first PE device determines bandwidth occupation statuses of a plurality of Ethernet links included in an Ethernet segment (ES) to which the Ethernet link belongs, and then determines, as a DF of the multicast flow based on the multicast flow bandwidth occupation statuses of the plurality of Ethernet links, a PE device corresponding to an Ethernet link that occupies lowest multicast flow bandwidth.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive an indication of a mode for mapping multicast broadcast quality of service (MB-QoS) flows to logical channel identifiers and group radio network temporary identifiers (G-RNTIs); identify an MB-QoS flow from a medium access control (MAC) transport block (TB) based at least in part on the indicated mode; and decode data included in the MB-QoS flow. Numerous other aspects are provided.

A designated forwarder election method includes a first provider edge (PE) receiving a bandwidth notification message sent by another PE, where the first PE and the other PE are connected to a first customer edge (CE), and where the bandwidth notification message includes bandwidth information of a link between the other PE and the first CE. The first PE elects a DF from the first PE and the other PE based on the bandwidth information of the other PE and bandwidth information of a link between the first PE and the first CE.

A base wireless device includes plural transmission buffers storing plural signals having transmission destinations that are different from each other, a transmission processing unit transmitting the signals to plural remote wireless devices respectively, by transmitting the signals stored in the plural transmission buffers in a predetermined order, regardless of whether or not each transmission has been made successfully, and a storage control unit, wherein when a transmission of a signal stored in one of the transmission buffers has been made successfully, the storage control unit overwrites the one transmission buffer from which the transmission has been made successfully, with another signal to be transmitted to a transmission destination that is different from a transmission destination of a signal stored in a transmission buffer other than the one transmission buffer from which the transmission has been made successfully, among the plural transmission buffers.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Generally, the described techniques provide a base station receiving an indication from a core network to serve multicast/broadcast traffic to one or more UEs. The base station may select a radio bearer mode from a plurality of radio bearer modes for delivery of the multicast/broadcast traffic to at least one UE of the one or more UEs. For example, the base station may select a multicast/broadcast only mode, a mixed multicast/broadcast mode and unicast mode, or a unicast mode for service of the traffic. Dependent on the selected mode and/or quality of service, the base station may select a dedicated radio bearer (DRB) for communication of the traffic in a unicast mode (e.g., to a particular UE) or a multicast radio bearer (MRB) for communication of the traffic in a broadcast/multicast mode.

A method for obtaining a multicast resource, includes: receiving first information sent by a core network device, where the first information includes multicast service information of a target multicast service; obtaining, according to the first information, a multicast resource of the target multicast service; and sending second information to a second access network device through the core network device, where the second information includes information of the multicast resource.