Provided are a BIER packet forwarding method and apparatus, a device and a storage medium. The BIER packet forwarding method is applied to a packet sending node and includes: setting node information of a BIER forwarding neighboring node in a BIFT forwarding entry; in a case of determining according to the node information that the BIER forwarding neighboring node has a capability of processing a target packet format, encapsulating a BIER packet according to the target packet format; and sending an encapsulated BIER packet to the BIER forwarding neighboring node.

In general, techniques are described for network connectivity for non-colocated customers of a cloud exchange. A programmable network platform for the cloud exchange comprises processing circuitry configured to: configure a virtual network device in the data center to run a network service for a customer; receive, from the customer, a request for a remote port and network information for a network service provider connectivity service for the customer; assign, in response to receiving the request for the remote port, a remote port of the cloud exchange to the customer; and configure, in response to receiving the request for the remote port using the network information, the cloud exchange to connect the network service provider connectivity service to the virtual network device via the remote port of the cloud exchange.

Provided are an information exchange method and apparatus, a tunnel establishment method and apparatus, a communication node and a storage medium. The method includes: receiving segment routing Internet Protocol version 6 (SRv6) path segment compression information reported by a second communication node, where the SRv6 path segment compression information includes node construction information and node behavior information of an SRv6 path segment identifier; and sending SRv6 path segment compression configuration information to a third communication node according to the SRv6 path segment compression information.

A network system is provided between at least a first client site and a second client site. A client site network component is implemented at least at the first client site, the client site network component aggregating one or more diverse network connections so as to configure an aggregated connection that has increased throughput. At least one network server component may be configured to connect to the client site network component using the aggregated connection. A cloud network controller may be configured to manage the data traffic and a virtual edge providing transparent lower-link encryption for the aggregated connection between the client site network component and the network server component. The network server component includes a virtual control plane interface configured to establish a unicast path between the network server component and each of a plurality of remote network server components.

A network device having at least one processor and one or more non-transitory memories storing programming instructions that are associated with a steering decision function (SDF) in a network system and including instructions to obtain a carrier-grade network address translation (CGN) resource pool by receiving CGN resources reported by a plurality of user planes (UPs), where the network system includes the SDF, the plurality UPs, and a control plane (CP), receive a CGN instance obtaining request sent by the CP, the CGN instance obtaining request indicating to allocate a CGN instance to a user equipment, allocate a first CGN instance to the user equipment based on the CGN resource pool, the first CGN instance indicating a first UP, of the plurality of UPs, having an available CGN resource, and send the first CGN instance to the CP.

A method for asynchronous side channel cipher renegotiation includes: establishing, by a first computing device, a first communication channel and a second communication channel with a second computing device, where the first communication channel is an encrypted tunnel and packages exchanged using the encrypted tunnel are encrypted using a first cipher; receiving, by a receiver of the first computing device, a renegotiation request from the second computing device using the second communication channel, where the renegotiation request includes at least a password value and a relative time; generating, by a processor of the first computing device, a second cipher using at least an encryption protocol and the password value; receiving, by the receiver of the first computing device, a new encrypted packet from the second computing device using the first communication channel; and decrypting, by the processor of the first computing device, the new encrypted packet using the second cipher.

Methods and systems include managing bandwidth in Fibre Channel over Internet Protocol (FCIP) communication channels. A method includes monitoring traffic demand at an FCIP communication channel and, in response to an anticipated period of throughput demand on the FCIP communication channel, reallocating physical throughput bandwidth of the FCIP communication channel by configuring bandwidth of one or more tunnels of the FCIP communication channel.

A packet transmission method, including receiving, by a session management function network element, first access network tunnel information and second access network tunnel information that correspond to a first service, and sending a downlink forwarding rule to a user plane function network element, where the downlink forwarding rule includes the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information, and the downlink forwarding rule indicates the user plane function network element to replicate a received downlink packet of the first service, and send downlink packets of the first service through two paths respectively corresponding to the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information.

A Point of Local Repair (PLR) network element includes one or more ports and circuitry connected thereto for forwarding and control, wherein the circuitry is configured to receive a PATH message for a Label Switched Path (LSP) tunnel in a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network with a specified DiffSery Traffic Engineering (DSTE) Class Type, determine the DSTE Class Type based on the PATH message, and store the DSTE Class Type for the LSP tunnel to ensure a Facility Bypass tunnel used for the LSP tunnel supports the specified DSTE Class Type. The circuitry can be further configured to, responsive to a failure of the LSP tunnel, select the Facility Bypass tunnel for the LSP tunnel such that the Facility Bypass tunnel supports the specified DSTE Class Type.

A network device serving as a local VXLAN) Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP) includes a communication interface, a first processor and a packet processor. The communication interface communicates between the local VTEP and remote VTEPs, each VTEP has a respective VXLAN Identifier (VNI). The first processor imports a Downstream-VNI (D-VNI) to be used in forwarding packets from the local VTEP to a remote VTEP, creates a unique egress Routing Interface (RIF) that is translatable into the imported D-VNI, and associates the unique egress RIF with one or more route entries in the local VTEP. The packet processor receives a packet destined to the remote VTEP, looks up the packet in the route entries in the local VTEP to retrieve the unique egress RIF, translates the unique egress RIF into the imported D-VNI, encapsulates the packet with the imported D-VNI, and forwards the encapsulated packet in accordance with the unique egress RIF.