An example method of identifying a hybrid connection associated with a network flow in a multi-cloud computing system includes: obtaining, by a network analyzer, network information from a plurality of data centers in the multi-cloud computing system, the plurality of data centers corresponding to a respective plurality of namespaces; identifying Internet Protocol (IP) subnetworks associated with the hybrid connection from the network information; generating connection indexes for the namespaces relating source IP subnetworks of the IP subnetworks, destination IP subnetworks of the IP subnetworks, and an identifier for the hybrid connection; searching a source IP address and a destination IP address of a flow record for the network flow in the connection indexes to obtain the identifier for the hybrid connection; and tagging the flow record with the identifier for the hybrid connection.

An example method of identifying a hybrid connection associated with a network flow in a multi-cloud computing system includes: obtaining, by a network analyzer, network information from a plurality of data centers in the multi-cloud computing system, the plurality of data centers corresponding to a respective plurality of namespaces; identifying Internet Protocol (IP) subnetworks associated with the hybrid connection from the network information; generating connection indexes for the namespaces relating source IP subnetworks of the IP subnetworks, destination IP subnetworks of the IP subnetworks, and an identifier for the hybrid connection; searching a source IP address and a destination IP address of a flow record for the network flow in the connection indexes to obtain the identifier for the hybrid connection; and tagging the flow record with the identifier for the hybrid connection.

Each of number management devices of a number management system includes a request reception unit configured to receive a number update request including number portability information, a transaction generation unit configured to generate a transaction for the received number portability information, a block proposal unit configured to acquire each of transactions generated in response to a plurality of number update requests, generate a block to be newly proposed, and transmit the generated block to be proposed to each of the plurality of number management devices, and a block approval unit configured to approve the block to be proposed by confirming a predetermined normal state of the block to be proposed and store the block to be proposed in a storage unit, with the block to be proposed connected to the block stored as the blockchain.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method and system to interconnect a first communications carrier to a second communications carrier by receiving a request to connect a communication from a first carrier to a second carrier; filtering the request to identify a specific name authority pointer (NPA-NXX) number from a plurality of specific name authority pointer (NPA-NXX) numbers; when the filter identifies the specific name authority pointer (NPA-NXX) number, modifying a private ENUM (tElephone NUmber Mapping) domain of the request to include an intercarrier ENUM apex based domain with a DNS (domain name server) recursion zone; retrieving a routing record using a domain name server (DNS) indicated by the intercarrier ENUM apex based domain; and routing the communication to the second carrier using the routing record. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method and system to interconnect a first communications carrier to a second communications carrier by receiving a request to connect a communication from a first carrier to a second carrier; filtering the request to identify a specific name authority pointer (NPA-NXX) number from a plurality of specific name authority pointer (NPA-NXX) numbers; when the filter identifies the specific name authority pointer (NPA-NXX) number, modifying a private ENUM (tElephone NUmber Mapping) domain of the request to include an intercarrier ENUM apex based domain with a DNS (domain name server) recursion zone; retrieving a routing record using a domain name server (DNS) indicated by the intercarrier ENUM apex based domain; and routing the communication to the second carrier using the routing record. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A first carrier may support inbound roaming requests for subscribers of a trusted second carrier. For example, the first carrier may receive an inbound roaming request from a UE. The first carrier may determine a second carrier that is a home carrier of the UE is a trusted carrier associated with the first carrier. In response, an IMS procedure associated with the UE may be performed including communicating, by a first CSCF node of the first carrier, with a first HSS of the second carrier, using a same protocol as used by the first CSCF node to communicate with a second HSS of the first carrier and communicating, by the first CSCF node, with a first AS of the second carrier, using a same protocol as used by the first CSCF node to communicate with a second AS of the first carrier.

A number management unit (11) of a number management system (1) generates a transaction using number portability information including a telephone number and encrypted connection destination information, newly generates a block using multiple transactions, approves the generated block, and stores the block in a number database (13) as a blockchain. A number resolution unit (12) searches transactions in the blockchain using a telephone number that is a query target as a key, extracts and decrypts the encrypted connection destination information corresponding to the query telephone number, and sends the connection destination information corresponding to the query telephone number as a response.

An apparatus having an agent that includes a processor and a memory coupled with the processor and communicates with at least one of a fault, configuration, accounting, performance, security module. The processor effectuates operations including determining that a service is operating properly. The processor further effectuates operations including if the service is operating properly and the service is disabled, enabling the service. The processor further effectuates operations including if the service is not operating properly, generating an alarm and if the service is enabled, disabling the service.

An apparatus having an agent that includes a processor and a memory coupled with the processor and communicates with at least one of a fault, configuration, accounting, performance, security module. The processor effectuates operations including determining that a service is operating properly. The processor further effectuates operations including if the service is operating properly and the service is disabled, enabling the service. The processor further effectuates operations including if the service is not operating properly, generating an alarm and if the service is enabled, disabling the service.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, from a private telephone number mapping server, a first database comprising address records associated with subscriber devices of a first carrier, storing, at an inter-carrier server system, an inter-carrier mapping database comprising the address records converted to an inter-carrier format, receiving new address records associated with new subscriber devices registered with the first carrier, updating the inter-carrier mapping database with the address records converted to the inter-carrier format, receiving a first query for an address record associated with a called number of a first device of the first carrier for initiating an internet protocol call between the first device and a second device of the second carrier, querying the inter-carrier mapping database of the inter-carrier server system for the address record, and transmitting the address record to the second carrier for routing the internet protocol call. Other embodiments are disclosed.