A method of signaling enhancement for an always-on PDU session is provided. A User Equipment (UE) transmits a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) request message to a mobile communication network. The NAS request message includes an Always-on PDU Session Requested (APSR) Information Element (IE). The UE receives a NAS response message including an Always-on PDU Session Indication (APSI) IE from the mobile communication network. The APSI IE includes a time length indicator. In response to the APSI IE indicating that the always-on PDU session is not allowed, the UE starts a timer based on the time length indicator and retransmits the NAS request message to the mobile communication network when the timer expires.

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a network entity, a multicast-broadcast user service description message. The UE may communicate, using a multicast-broadcast service (MBS) transport function (MBSTF) client, with an MBS entity of the network entity, in accordance with information included in the user service description message, wherein the MBS entity is split into a multicast delivery function and a unicast application server. Numerous other aspects are described.

A method and system for protocol data unit (PDU) session release due to violation of time or location information element constraints is provided. Operations may be part of optimizing operation of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communications network. A policy control function (PCF) determines whether there is a violation of at least one of location information and time information associated with a background data transfer. Upon detecting such a violation, the PCF requests a session management function (SMF) to release a PDU session associated with the background data transfer. The SMF responds by releasing the PDU session.

A method and system for protocol data unit (PDU) session release due to violation of time or location information element constraints is provided. Operations may be part of optimizing operation of a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communications network. A policy control function (PCF) determines whether there is a violation of at least one of location information and time information associated with a background data transfer. Upon detecting such a violation, the PCF requests a session management function (SMF) to release a PDU session associated with the background data transfer. The SMF responds by releasing the PDU session.

A content integration system is configured to rapidly select online content for distribution in response to a user-generated request. The content integration system can analyze available online content items and data describing the user to generate one or more numerical likelihoods estimating how the user will interact with each of the given online content items. The highest scoring content can be selected and transmitted to the user without a noticeable delay.

A content integration system is configured to rapidly select online content for distribution in response to a user-generated request. The content integration system can analyze available online content items and data describing the user to generate one or more numerical likelihoods estimating how the user will interact with each of the given online content items. The highest scoring content can be selected and transmitted to the user without a noticeable delay.

Enabling a protocol for efficiently and reliably using the NVME protocol over a network, referred to as NVME over Network, or NVMEoN, may include an NVMEoN exchange layer for handling exchanges between initiating and target nodes on a network, a burst transmission protocol that provides guaranteed delivery without duplicate retransmission, and an exchange status block approach to manage state information about exchanges.

Enabling a protocol for efficiently and reliably using the NVME protocol over a network, referred to as NVME over Network, or NVMEoN, may include an NVMEoN exchange layer for handling exchanges between initiating and target nodes on a network, a burst transmission protocol that provides guaranteed delivery without duplicate retransmission, and an exchange status block approach to manage state information about exchanges.

A method performed by a gateway node for handling application data traffic of a session between a UE and an application server in a wireless communications network is provided. Upon establishing the session, the gateway node obtains from a policy node, an identity identifying one or more rules provisioned for the UE. The identity is associated with the session and with a UP based API to be used for the session. The gateway node receives through the UP based API, a message from the UE. The message comprises the identity and a flow identifier identifying the application data traffic related to the identity. The message requests the one or more rules to be enforced by the gateway node. Upon detecting application data traffic associated with the flow identifier, the gateway node enforces the one or more rules, according to the obtained identity, for the detected application data traffic between the UE and the application server.

Disclosed is a 5.sup.th generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4.sup.th generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments of the disclosure, provided is a method for operating an access and mobility management function (AMF) in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of: receiving, from user equipment (UE), a service request including a list of protocol data unit (PDU) sessions to be activated, or a message about a mobility registration update; checking, on the basis of UE context information about the UE, whether identifiers (IDs) of all of always-on PDU sessions are included in the list of PDU sessions to be activated; and, when an omitted always-on PDU session is checked from the list of the PDU sessions to be activated, transmitting, to a session management function (SMF), a Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext request message for requesting user plane activation of the omitted always-on PDU session.