Provided are an information transmission method and apparatus, an information processing method and apparatus, a terminal, a network element, and a storage medium. The information transmission method includes encapsulating non-access stratum (NAS) information and access resource (AS) parameter information in a vendor-specific protocol (VSP) packet, where the NAS information includes NAS system information and NAS customization information, and the AS parameter information is used for wired side resource negotiation; encapsulating establishment signaling of a wired access network control plane channel in a vendor-specific network control protocol (VSNCP) packet; and transmitting, through the VSP packet and the VSNCP packet, the NAS information and the AS parameter information.

This control system is provided with a controller, a controller which is a loopback communication device, a first communication route, and a second communication route. The controller generates and transmits control frames to slave devices. The controller performs loopback communication of the control frames. In the first communication route, multiple slave devices are connected between the controller and the controller using communication cables. In the second communication route, the first controller and the second controller are connected over a communication cable.

A device generates a remote direct memory access (RDMA) packet, where a payload part of the RDMA packet includes a plurality of data blocks and protection information (PI) corresponding to each of the plurality data blocks in to-be-sent data; or a payload part of the RDMA packet includes one data unit or a part of data in the data unit of to-be-sent data, the data unit includes one data block and PI corresponding to the data block, and a length of the data unit is equal to an integer multiple of a length of the part of data; and sends the RDMA packet.

A method, apparatus, and device for determining protocol architecture are provided. The method includes: receiving a target message from a second device, where the target message carries first information; and determining, based on the first information and second information, whether to establish a communication connection to the second device, where the first information is used to indicate architecture information of a first protocol architecture that the second device currently supports and/or prefers, and the second information is used to indicate architecture information of a second protocol architecture that a first device currently supports and/or prefers.

A protocol for controlling lighting devices within a network enables bidirectional communication between different connected devices, any of which may function as a server, a device, a broker, or multiple of these roles. Upon initialization of the network, a server device requests a basic configuration data file from each device on the network and, thereafter, requests a more extensive configuration data file identifying capabilities and functionalities of the device which the manufacturer has made discoverable. Each device sends its basic configuration file to the server device upon any of power on, reboot, reset, hardware configuration change, or software change to the respective device. A device on the network can also be a collection of sub-devices each of which may be separately identified, and their respective capabilities evaluated, so that the server can separately control either the device or any of the individual sub-devices.

A system is provided for controlling an aquatic habitat. The system for includes a server, a bridge, and a habitat component. The server includes a database containing information associated with a habitat component. The server also includes a communication interface for transmitting operating data for the habitat component. The bridge has a first communication unit configured to communicate with the server communication interface and transmit the operating data received from the server to the habitat component. The habitat component has a second communication unit for receiving operating data from the bridge.

Non-limiting examples of the present disclosure relate to generation and implementation of a new security protocol that is used to secure common data access transactions across distributed network examples. An exemplary proof of verification protocol is disclosed that implements consensus security mechanisms across a plurality of distributed nodes, which may be utilized to validate owners of data in common data access transactions. Extending principles of blockchain security to common data access transactions and Internet of Things (IoT) networking requires a solution that: improves speed in transactional processing; reduces computational complexity; and presents efficient, secure and repeatable validation for owners of data in distributed networking environments. An exemplary proof of verification protocol provides such technical advantages by validating both user-specific data for a subscriber of an application/service and session data for user activity (past and present) within the application/service.

Provided are a message processing method and apparatus, a control-plane device and a computer storage medium. The method includes receiving a first message containing at least one type of private-format data; determining identification information of a target device according to the first message and selecting a message parsing plug-in that matches the determined identification information of the target device; and sending the first message to the selected message parsing plug-in and receiving parsed data from the selected message parsing plug-in, where the parsed data is data obtained after the selected message parsing plug-in parses the at least one type of private-format data in the first message; and determining, according to the parsed data, a manner in which the target device processes a second message used for accessing a website.

A diagnostic system of a vehicle includes: a diagnostic port configured to: connect to a diagnostic device; and receive a request for data from the vehicle from the diagnostic device; a private module connected to a controller area network (CAN) bus of the vehicle and to the diagnostic port; a public communication module configured to wirelessly connect to computing devices within a passenger cabin of the vehicle, where the public communication module is partitioned from the CAN bus of the vehicle; a second module connected to the private module; and an automotive audio bus (A2B) connecting the second module with the public communication module, where the second module is configured to selectively read data from the public communication module via the A2B in response to the request.

A method for configuring a protocol in a virtual private network (VPN) service environment, the method including receiving, from a user device, device information associated with operation of the user device during an established VPN connection; determining, based at least in part on the device information, a given VPN protocol from among a plurality of VPN protocols for utilization during the established VPN connection; and transmitting, to the user device, information associated with the given VPN protocol to enable the user device and a VPN server to utilize the given VPN protocol during the established VPN connection. Various other aspects are contemplated.