A layered structure includes a thyristor and a light-emitting element. The thyristor at least includes four layers. The four layers are an anode layer, a first gate layer, a second gate layer, and a cathode layer arranged in this order. The light-emitting element is disposed such that the light-emitting element and the thyristor are connected in series. The thyristor includes a semiconductor layer having a bandgap energy smaller than bandgap energies of the four layers.

A light-emitting component includes a light-emitting element, a driving thyristor, and a light-absorbing layer. The light-emitting element emits light of a predetermined wavelength. The driving thyristor causes the light-emitting element to emit light or causes an amount of light emitted by the light-emitting element to increase, upon entering an on-state. The light-absorbing layer is disposed between the light-emitting element and the driving thyristor such that the light-emitting element and the driving thyristor are stacked, and absorbs light emitted by the driving thyristor.

A light-emitting component includes a substrate, a light-emitting element, a thyristor, and a light-transmission reduction layer. The light-emitting element is disposed on the substrate. The thyristor causes the light-emitting element to emit light or causes an amount of light emitted by the light-emitting element to increase, upon entering an on-state. The light-transmission reduction layer is disposed between the light-emitting element and the thyristor such that the light-emitting element and the thyristor are stacked, and suppresses light emitted by the thyristor from passing therethrough.

An ink-jet recording apparatus includes: a recording head including nozzles and driving elements corresponding to the nozzles respectively; a controller; and a head driving circuit connected to the controller by a first signal line, a second signal line, and a third signal line through which a clock signal including edges is transmitted, the head driving circuit connected electrically to the driving elements. Each of the driving elements jets an ink from one of the nozzles corresponding thereto by an amount corresponding to driving voltage applied from the head driving circuit. The controller repeatedly executes output processing in which pattern signals indicating patterns of the driving voltage are continuously outputted to the first signal line while being synchronized with the clock signal and selection signals are continuously outputted to the second signal line while being synchronized with the clock signal.

A printing apparatus for performing printing in an inkjet mode includes an inkjet head, and a controller. The controller controls the inkjet head such that the inkjet head performs printing on a medium in a multi-pass mode. In each printing pass performed on each position of the medium, the controller controls the inkjet head such that the inkjet head ejects ink drops onto pixels designated by a mask data item. In a case where the spatial frequencies of the arrangement of ink dots formed on the medium during a first printing pass of the printing passes are referred to as first frequencies, and the spatial frequencies of the arrangement of ink dots formed on the medium during a second printing pass later than the first printing pass are referred to as second frequencies, the first frequencies are frequencies lower than the second frequencies.

An array of pixels of a solid-state imaging sensor having a rolling shutter is sequentially exposed to capture images from an illuminated target over successive frames for image capture by an imaging reader. The target is illuminated at a peak output power level for a fractional time period of a frame, and is not illuminated for at least a portion of a remaining time period of the frame for increased energy efficiency. Only a sub-array of the pixels is exposed during the fractional time period in which the target is being illuminated at the first output power level.

An array of pixels of a solid-state imaging sensor having a rolling shutter is sequentially exposed to capture images from an illuminated target over successive frames for image capture by an imaging reader. The target is illuminated at a peak output power level for a fractional time period of a frame, and is not illuminated for at least a portion of a remaining time period of the frame for increased energy efficiency. Only a sub-array of the pixels is exposed during the fractional time period in which the target is being illuminated at the first output power level.

A printing apparatus inputs print data, generates a driving pulse to cause a plurality of print elements of a printhead to perform a printing operation and generates a print data signal based on the input print data to cause the printhead to print on a print medium. At this time, for example, the signal generation timing is controlled so as to determine, based on a driving pulse width, a generation range of the print data signal so as not to overlap with the leading edge and the trailing edge of the driving pulse. Subsequently, the generated driving pulse and the generated print data signal are transferred to the printhead, and the printhead is driven to print on the print medium.

A printing apparatus for performing printing in an inkjet mode includes an inkjet head, and a controller. The controller controls the inkjet head such that the inkjet head performs printing on a medium in a multi-pass mode. In each printing pass performed on each position of the medium, the controller controls the inkjet head such that the inkjet head ejects ink drops onto pixels designated by a mask data item. In a case where the spatial frequencies of the arrangement of ink dots formed on the medium during a first printing pass of the printing passes are referred to as first frequencies, and the spatial frequencies of the arrangement of ink dots formed on the medium during a second printing pass later than the first printing pass are referred to as second frequencies, the first frequencies are frequencies lower than the second frequencies.