A video decoding method includes: performing entropy decoding on a coding block of a video image frame to obtain a quantization coefficient block of residual data corresponding to the coding block; inversely quantizing the quantization coefficient block to obtain an inverse quantization coefficient matrix; inversely rearranging the inverse quantization coefficient matrix to obtain a processed coefficient matrix, non-zero coefficients in the processed coefficient matrix being concentrated in left, upper and upper left regions of the coefficient matrix; and generating the residual data according to the processed coefficient matrix.

A method and apparatus for video coding utilizing a current block, a maximum side of the transform block of the current block corresponds to 64. A scaling matrix is derived from elements of an 8×8 base scaling matrix, where the elements in a bottom-right 4×4 region of the 8×8 base scaling matrix are skipped, either not signaled or set to zero. According to another method, a current block belongs to a current picture in a first color format that has only a first color component. A first scaling matrix is signaled at the video encoder side or parsed at the video decoder side for the first color component of the current block. Signaling any second scaling matrix is disabled at the video encoder side or parsing any second scaling matrix is disabled at the video decoder side for a second or third color component of the current block.

A method and apparatus for video coding utilizing a current block, a maximum side of the transform block of the current block corresponds to 64. A scaling matrix is derived from elements of an 8×8 base scaling matrix, where the elements in a bottom-right 4×4 region of the 8×8 base scaling matrix are skipped, either not signaled or set to zero. According to another method, a current block belongs to a current picture in a first color format that has only a first color component. A first scaling matrix is signaled at the video encoder side or parsed at the video decoder side for the first color component of the current block. Signaling any second scaling matrix is disabled at the video encoder side or parsing any second scaling matrix is disabled at the video decoder side for a second or third color component of the current block.

A video decoder, encoder, and corresponding methods for processing video data for an image block and a particular reference picture index to predict the image block are disclosed that utilize adaptive weighting of reference pictures to enhance video compression, where a decoder includes a reference picture weighting factor unit for determining a weighting factor corresponding to the particular reference picture index; an encoder includes a reference picture weighting factor assignor for assigning a weighting factor corresponding to the particular reference picture index; and a method for decoding includes receiving a reference picture index with the data that corresponds to the image block, determining a weighting factor for each received reference picture index, retrieving a reference picture for each index, motion compensating the retrieved reference picture, and multiplying the motion compensated reference picture by the corresponding weighting factor to form a weighted motion compensated reference picture.

A video decoder, encoder, and corresponding methods for processing video data for an image block and a particular reference picture index to predict the image block are disclosed that utilize adaptive weighting of reference pictures to enhance video compression, where a decoder includes a reference picture weighting factor unit for determining a weighting factor corresponding to the particular reference picture index; an encoder includes a reference picture weighting factor assignor for assigning a weighting factor corresponding to the particular reference picture index; and a method for decoding includes receiving a reference picture index with the data that corresponds to the image block, determining a weighting factor for each received reference picture index, retrieving a reference picture for each index, motion compensating the retrieved reference picture, and multiplying the motion compensated reference picture by the corresponding weighting factor to form a weighted motion compensated reference picture.

Residual coding using vector quantization (VQ) is described. A flag indicating whether a residual block for the current block is encoded using VQ. In response to the flag indicating that the residual block is encoded using VQ, a parameter indicating an entry in a codebook is decoded, and the residual block is decoded using the entry. In response to the flag indicating that the residual block is not encoded using VQ, the residual block is decoded based on a skip flag indicating whether the current block is encoded using transform skip. The current block is reconstructed using the residual block.

Residual coding using vector quantization (VQ) is described. A flag indicating whether a residual block for the current block is encoded using VQ. In response to the flag indicating that the residual block is encoded using VQ, a parameter indicating an entry in a codebook is decoded, and the residual block is decoded using the entry. In response to the flag indicating that the residual block is not encoded using VQ, the residual block is decoded based on a skip flag indicating whether the current block is encoded using transform skip. The current block is reconstructed using the residual block.

An image processing apparatus, including processing circuitry configured to decode a bit stream to generate quantized data. The bit stream includes a flag, for each block, that specifies whether or not a difference quantization parameter is present in the bit stream. The flag is included in a first layer that is higher than a second layer in which the difference quantization parameter is set. The processing circuitry is configured to set, according to the flag, a current quantization parameter for a current sub block formed by block partitioning, which splits a block into smaller sub blocks. The processing circuitry is configured to inversely quantize the generated quantized data using the set current quantization parameter.

An image processing apparatus, including processing circuitry configured to decode a bit stream to generate quantized data. The bit stream includes a flag, for each block, that specifies whether or not a difference quantization parameter is present in the bit stream. The flag is included in a first layer that is higher than a second layer in which the difference quantization parameter is set. The processing circuitry is configured to set, according to the flag, a current quantization parameter for a current sub block formed by block partitioning, which splits a block into smaller sub blocks. The processing circuitry is configured to inversely quantize the generated quantized data using the set current quantization parameter.

A method of encoding an image in a merge mode, the method including determining motion information of a current prediction unit, and generating a prediction block using the motion information; generating a residual block using an original block and the prediction block, transforming the residual block to generating a transformed block, quantizing the transformed block using a quantization parameter to generate a quantized block, and scanning the quantized block to entropy-code the quantized block; and encoding the motion information using effective spatial and temporal merge candidates of the current prediction unit. Further, a motion vector of the temporal merge candidate is a motion vector of a temporal merge candidate within a temporal merge candidate picture, and the quantization parameter is encoded using an average of two effective quantization parameters among a left quantization parameter, an upper quantization parameter and a previous quantization parameter of a current coding unit, also when the quantized block is larger than a predetermined size, the quantized block is divided into a plurality of subblocks to be scanned, and a scan pattern for scanning the plurality of subblocks is the same as a scan pattern for scanning quantized coefficients within each subblock. In addition, information indicating a position of a last non-zero quantized coefficient in a transform unit is transmitted to a video decoder.