Various concepts which further improve multi-view/layer coding concepts, are described.

Various concepts which further improve multi-view/layer coding concepts, are described.

A method, computer program, and computer system is provided for aligning across layers in a coded video stream. A video bitstream having multiple layers is decoded. One or more subpicture regions are identified from among the multiple layers of the decoded video bitstream, the subpicture regions including a background region and one or more foreground subpicture regions. An enhanced subpicture is decoded and displayed based on a determination that a foreground subpicture region is selected. The background region is decoded and displayed based on a determination that a foreground subpicture region was not selected.

Methods and systems for frame rate scalability are described. Support is provided for input and output video sequences with variable frame rate and variable shutter angle across scenes, or for input video sequences with fixed input frame rate and input shutter angle, but allowing a decoder to generate a video output at a different output frame rate and shutter angle than the corresponding input values. Techniques allowing a decoder to decode more computationally-efficiently a specific backward compatible target frame rate and shutter angle among those allowed are also presented.

Methods and systems for frame rate scalability are described. Support is provided for input and output video sequences with variable frame rate and variable shutter angle across scenes, or for input video sequences with fixed input frame rate and input shutter angle, but allowing a decoder to generate a video output at a different output frame rate and shutter angle than the corresponding input values. Techniques allowing a decoder to decode more computationally-efficiently a specific backward compatible target frame rate and shutter angle among those allowed are also presented.

A video data stream having a video encoded thereinto is provided. The video data stream comprises an indication that indicates whether or not one or more scalable nesting supplemental enhancement information messages comprising timing information for each of one or more output layer sets are present within the video data stream.

An image processing method and an image processing apparatus are provided to obtain input data for deblocking filtering based on deblocking filtering target pixels of at least one line perpendicular to a boundary line of blocks and encoding information about the deblocking filtering target pixels of at least one line, obtain a feature map of the input data by inputting the input data to a first neural network, obtain a deblocking filter coefficient by inputting the feature map to a second neural network, obtain a deblocking filter compensation value by inputting the feature map to a third neural network, obtain a deblocking filter strength by inputting the input data to a fourth neural network, obtain deblocking filtered pixels by performing deblocking filtering on the deblocking filtering target pixels of the at least one line using the deblocking filter coefficient, the deblocking filter compensation value, and the deblocking filter strength.

An image processing method and an image processing apparatus are provided to obtain input data for deblocking filtering based on deblocking filtering target pixels of at least one line perpendicular to a boundary line of blocks and encoding information about the deblocking filtering target pixels of at least one line, obtain a feature map of the input data by inputting the input data to a first neural network, obtain a deblocking filter coefficient by inputting the feature map to a second neural network, obtain a deblocking filter compensation value by inputting the feature map to a third neural network, obtain a deblocking filter strength by inputting the input data to a fourth neural network, obtain deblocking filtered pixels by performing deblocking filtering on the deblocking filtering target pixels of the at least one line using the deblocking filter coefficient, the deblocking filter compensation value, and the deblocking filter strength.

Provided is an inter-layer video decoding method including obtaining a disparity vector of a current block included in a first layer image; determining a block of a second layer image corresponding to the current block by using the obtained disparity vector; determining a reference block including a sample that contacts a boundary of the block; obtaining a motion vector of the reference block; and determining a motion vector of the current block included in the first layer image by using the obtained motion vector.

In one embodiment, a method of signaling individual layers in a transport stream includes: determining a plurality of layers in a transport stream, wherein each layer includes a respective transport stream parameter setting; determining an additional layer for the plurality of layers in the transport stream, wherein the additional layer enhances one or more of the plurality of layers including a base layer and the respective layer parameter settings for the plurality of layers do not take into account the additional layer; and determining an additional transport stream parameter setting for the additional layer, the additional transport stream parameter setting specifying a relationship between the additional layer and at least a portion of the plurality of layers, wherein the additional transport stream parameter setting is used to decode the additional layer and the at least a portion of the plurality of layers.