Disclosed herein are a video-decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus, and more particularly a method and an apparatus which perform region-differential image encoding/decoding using a recovered image. In accordance with an encoding method according to an embodiment, a recovered low-quality image is generated by performing encoding on an original image and a recovered high-quality image is generated using the recovered low-quality image. An image is segmented into multiple regions, and encoded reconstruction information for generating a reconstructed high-quality image is generated by performing encoding on the image.

Disclosed herein are a video-decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus, and more particularly a method and an apparatus which perform region-differential image encoding/decoding using a recovered image. In accordance with an encoding method according to an embodiment, a recovered low-quality image is generated by performing encoding on an original image and a recovered high-quality image is generated using the recovered low-quality image. An image is segmented into multiple regions, and encoded reconstruction information for generating a reconstructed high-quality image is generated by performing encoding on the image.

A device may be configured to signal output layer set information according to one or more of the techniques described herein. The device comprising one or more processors configured to: receiving a video parameter set including syntax elements; parsing first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parsing second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

A device may be configured to signal output layer set information according to one or more of the techniques described herein. The device comprising one or more processors configured to: receiving a video parameter set including syntax elements; parsing first syntax element from the video parameter set specifying whether at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer; and parsing second syntax element specifying whether the video parameter contains sequence-level hypothetical reference decoder parameters in a case that the first syntax element specifies that at least one output layer set specified by the video parameter set contains more than one layer.

An apparatus acquires data representing a material appearance of a surface of an object, selects, based on the data, one of a coding method for coding by providing a scalability of a bit plane and a coding method for coding by providing a scalability of resolution, and outputs the data encoded by the selected coding method.

An apparatus acquires data representing a material appearance of a surface of an object, selects, based on the data, one of a coding method for coding by providing a scalability of a bit plane and a coding method for coding by providing a scalability of resolution, and outputs the data encoded by the selected coding method.

Various concepts which further improve multi-view/layer coding concepts, are described.

Various concepts which further improve multi-view/layer coding concepts, are described.

A signal multiplexing apparatus and method using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. A signal multiplexing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame using the time-interleaved signal and L1 signaling information.

A method of multi-scale neural image compression with intra-prediction residuals is performed by at least one processor and includes downsampling an input image, generating a current predicted image, based on a previously-recovered predicted image, and generating a prediction residual based on a difference between the downsampled input image and the generated current predicted image. The method further includes encoding the generated prediction residual, decoding the encoded prediction residual, and generating a currently-recovered predicted image based on an addition of the current predicted image and the decoded prediction residual. The method further includes upsampling the currently-recovered predicted image, generating a scale residual based on a difference between the input image and the upsampled currently-recovered predicted image, and encoding the scale residual.