An apparatus (for example, a decoder) may determine that affine mode is enabled for a video sequence. The apparatus may determine whether an affine mode adaptive motion vector difference resolution (AMVR) enablement indicator is present in a parameter set associated with the video sequence based on a value of an AMVR enablement indicator. If the value of the AMVR enablement indicator indicates AMVR mode is enabled for the video sequence, the apparatus may determine that the affine mode AMVR enablement indicator is present in the parameter set associated with the video sequence. If the value of the AMVR enablement indicator indicates AMVR mode is disabled for the video sequence, the apparatus may determine that the affine mode AMVR enablement indicator is not present in the parameter set associated with the video sequence. The apparatus may decode the video sequence accordingly.

Method for compressing a sequence of images comprising a first image and a second image, the method comprising the steps of: generating a first descriptor comprising parameters for displaying a computer-generated graphical element in the first image, the graphical element being of non-photographic origin, and the display parameters not comprising pixel values; processing the second image so as to determine an event which gave rise to a potential variation in the parameters for displaying the graphical element between the first image and the second image; generating a second descriptor comprising an event code indicating the determined event.

A system for decoding a video bitstream includes receiving a reference picture set associated with a frame including a set of reference picture identifiers. The reference picture set identifies one or more reference pictures to be used for inter-prediction of the frame based upon its associated least significant bits of a picture order count based upon the reference picture identifiers. The one or more reference pictures is a second or greater previous frame to the frame having the matching reference picture identifier.

A system for decoding a video bitstream includes receiving a reference picture set associated with a frame including a set of reference picture identifiers. The reference picture set identifies one or more reference pictures to be used for inter-prediction of the frame based upon its associated least significant bits of a picture order count based upon the reference picture identifiers. The one or more reference pictures is a second or greater previous frame to the frame having the matching reference picture identifier.

A video encoding device for encoding video using inter prediction includes encoding control means 11 for controlling an inter-PU partition type of a CU to be encoded, based on a minimum inter-PU size (PA) and a CU size (PB) of the CU to be encoded. A video decoding device includes decoding control means for controlling an inter-PU partition of a CU to be decoded, based on the minimum inter-PU size (PA) and the size (PB) of the CU to be decoded.

A video encoding device for encoding video using inter prediction includes encoding control means 11 for controlling an inter-PU partition type of a CU to be encoded, based on a minimum inter-PU size (PA) and a CU size (PB) of the CU to be encoded. A video decoding device includes decoding control means for controlling an inter-PU partition of a CU to be decoded, based on the minimum inter-PU size (PA) and the size (PB) of the CU to be decoded.

A video coding method using inter-layer prediction or referencing is provided. A video decoder receives data from a bitstream carrying data for video pictures in a plurality of different layers. At least one of the plurality of layers comprises temporal sublayers that correspond to levels in a hierarchical temporal prediction structure. Each temporal sublayer is associated with a temporal identifier. The video decoder receives an inter-layer prediction constraint parameter constraining a maximum temporal sublayer used in inter-layer prediction. The video decoder reconstructs a first picture in a first layer by referencing data of a second picture in a second layer. A temporal identifier of the referenced data satisfies the received inter-layer prediction constraint parameter.

A video coding method using inter-layer prediction or referencing is provided. A video decoder receives data from a bitstream carrying data for video pictures in a plurality of different layers. At least one of the plurality of layers comprises temporal sublayers that correspond to levels in a hierarchical temporal prediction structure. Each temporal sublayer is associated with a temporal identifier. The video decoder receives an inter-layer prediction constraint parameter constraining a maximum temporal sublayer used in inter-layer prediction. The video decoder reconstructs a first picture in a first layer by referencing data of a second picture in a second layer. A temporal identifier of the referenced data satisfies the received inter-layer prediction constraint parameter.

A method of interframe point cloud attribute coding is performed by at least one processor and includes coding a first color attribute of a point of a point cloud to obtain a first reconstructed residual, coding a second color attribute of the point to obtain a second reconstructed residual, and determining a quantization index of the second reconstructed residual, based on the first reconstructed residual and the second reconstructed residual. The method further includes updating the second reconstructed residual, based on the quantization index and the first reconstructed residual.

An apparatus (200) for receiving an input video data stream according to an embodiment is provided. The input video data stream has a video encoded thereinto. The apparatus (200) is configured to generate an output video data stream from the input video data stream.