An image encoding and decoding method, includes: determining location information of a target reconstructed image block of a current to-be-encoded image block, where the target reconstructed image block is a reconstructed image block used to determine motion information of the current to-be-encoded image block; determining a first transform core pair based on the location information of the target reconstructed image block; and transforming a residual signal of the current to-be-encoded image block based on the first transform core pair, to obtain a transform coefficient.

Provided is an encoder including: circuitry; and memory coupled to the circuitry. In operation, the circuitry: performs a mapping process of Luma Mapping with Chroma Scaling (LMCS) for transforming a first pixel value space applied to a luma display image signal into a second pixel value space applied to a luma encoding process signal, using line segments forming a transform curve, each of which corresponds to a different one of sections obtained by partitioning the first pixel value space; and encodes an image, and in the performing of the LMCS, the circuitry determines the transform curve so that among boundary values in the second pixel value space, a first value obtained by dividing a boundary value by a base width defined according to a bit depth of the image is not equal to a second value obtained by dividing another boundary value by the base width.

Decoding corresponding to a first array of quantized coefficients including an N×M array corresponding to a first block and data corresponding to a second array including an N×M array corresponding to a second block. Deriving a first array of orthogonal transform coefficients from the first array of quantized coefficients by using at least a first quantization matrix of an N×M array of elements, and derives a second array of orthogonal transform coefficients from the second array by using at least a second quantization matrix of an N×M array of elements. Performing inverse orthogonal transform on the first array of orthogonal transform coefficients to generate a P×Q array of pixels of first prediction residuals, and performs inverse orthogonal transform on the second array of orthogonal transform coefficients to generate an N×M array of pixels of second prediction residuals.

An apparatus adapted, including a media encoder coupled to a data interface adapted to receive a frame or portion thereof. The media encoder is adapted to iteratively subdivide each block of a plurality of blocks partitioned in a frame or portion thereof and to process a subdivided block of the plurality of blocks, during each iteration of a plurality of iterations, by selecting a rotational symmetry mask fulfilling an efficiency measure for coding said block, the rotational symmetry mask selected from a plurality of rotational symmetry masks which define a plurality of different rotational symmetries in a multidimensional space, splitting the subdivided block to two complementary portions based on the rotational symmetry mask, generating a pair of rotational symmetry blocks each having one of said two complementary portions, and computing a plurality of transform coefficients from the pair of rotational symmetry blocks.

Disclosed herein is a method of performing an adaptive video coding, comprising: determining transform subsets including a group index and linear transforms with dimensions M×M and N×N, wherein the linear transforms correspond to at least one of a null transform and predefined transforms; selecting an optimal transform subset for a transform unit from the determined transform subsets, wherein each of rows and columns of the transform unit corresponds to different linear transform; and encoding the optimal transform subset.

There is provided an apparatus for generating a set of transform coefficients of a block in a frame or portion thereof. The apparatus includes a media encoder coupled to a data interface configured to receive a frame or portion thereof. The media encoder is configured to: designate a rotational symmetry mask having a size and a shape as the block partitioned in the frame or portion thereof for processing the block; split the block to two complementary portions using the rotational symmetry mask; generate a pair of rotational symmetry blocks each having one of the two complementary portions; and compute a transform coefficient for each member of the pair of rotational symmetry blocks.

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed relating to intra prediction of a video signal based on mode-dependent subsampling. A block of coefficients associated with a first sub block of a video block, one or more blocks of coefficients associated with one or more remaining sub blocks of the video block, and an indication of a prediction mode for the video block may be received. One or more interpolating techniques, a predicted first sub block, and the predicted sub blocks of the one or more remaining sub blocks may be determined. A reconstructed first sub block and one or more reconstructed remaining sub blocks may be generated. A reconstructed video block may be formed based on the prediction mode, the reconstructed first sub block, and the one or more reconstructed remaining sub blocks.

A modulator has a first grating pattern, and a second grating pattern having a phase shifted from the first grating pattern; a sensor processor receives a first image signal outputted by the first grating pattern, and a second image signal outputted by the second grating pattern; a difference processor calculates a difference between the first image signal and the second image signal; and a compression processor 3005 contains information that indicates a range of the difference to first compression image data. Those make it possible to reduce a data amount of images capable of focus adjustment etc. from later, and to lead to reduction in costs of a storage apparatus.

A method of coding 4:2:2 or 4:4:4 video data comprises predicting luminance and/or chrominance samples of an image from other respective reference samples derived from the same image according to a prediction mode associated with a sample to be predicted, the prediction mode being selected for each of a plurality of blocks of samples, from a set of two or more candidate prediction modes; detecting differences between the samples and the respective predicted samples; selecting a frequency-separation transform from two or more candidate frequency separation transforms according to the prediction mode associated with a current block of samples using a mapping between transform and prediction mode, the mapping between different, as between chrominance and luminance samples, for at least the 4:4:4 format; and encoding the detected differences by frequency-separating the differences, using the selected frequency-separation transform.

Processing methods and apparatuses for video data comprise receiving input data associated with a current transform block in a current video picture, determining if a size of the current transform block is a power of 4, determining a normalized quantization or dequantization scaling factor, generating transform coefficient levels by applying a quantization processing to scaled transform coefficients in the current transform block or generating scaled transform coefficients by applying an inverse quantization processing to transform coefficient levels in the current transform block, and encoding or decoding the current transform block. The quantization processing comprises scaling the scaled transform coefficients by the normalized quantization scaling factor and the inverse quantization processing comprises scaling the transform coefficient levels by the normalized dequantization scaling factor.