A video decoding device includes a demultiplexing unit which demultiplexes a video bitstream including video data of an encoded slice, first Supplemental-Enhancement-Information having information indicating segments where a refresh has completed in a current picture, and second Supplemental-Enhancement-Information having information indicating a synchronization starting picture and a synchronization completed picture, an extracting unit which extracts the information indicating segments where a refresh has completed in a current picture from a message which is part of the demultiplexed Supplemental-Enhancement-Information; and a video decoding unit which decodes image data from the demultiplexed video bitstream by using at least inter prediction, wherein the synchronization starting picture is a leading picture within a refreshing period, and the synchronization completed picture is the end position of the refreshing period.

A video decoding device includes a demultiplexing unit which demultiplexes a video bitstream including video data of an encoded slice, first Supplemental-Enhancement-Information having information indicating segments where a refresh has completed in a current picture, and second Supplemental-Enhancement-Information having information indicating a synchronization starting picture and a synchronization completed picture, an extracting unit which extracts the information indicating segments where a refresh has completed in a current picture from a message which is part of the demultiplexed Supplemental-Enhancement-Information; and a video decoding unit which decodes image data from the demultiplexed video bitstream by using at least inter prediction, wherein the synchronization starting picture is a leading picture within a refreshing period, and the synchronization completed picture is the end position of the refreshing period.

A method, includes: providing at least one set of data; composing a data stream including compressed data from the at least one set of data, the at least one set of data having embedded therein a respective counter indicative of the at least one set of data, the respective counter being losslessly encoded into the compressed data; transmitting the data stream over a transmission channel; receiving the data stream; and recovering, from the data stream, the respective counter.

A method, includes: providing at least one set of data; composing a data stream including compressed data from the at least one set of data, the at least one set of data having embedded therein a respective counter indicative of the at least one set of data, the respective counter being losslessly encoded into the compressed data; transmitting the data stream over a transmission channel; receiving the data stream; and recovering, from the data stream, the respective counter.

Coding and decoding techniques are disclosed in which a plurality of coding parameter sets is transmitted between an encoder and a decoder, each of which is distinguishable from the others by a respective identifier. When a new frame of video is to be coded, an encoder may identify a coding parameter set to be applied during coding, it may code the new frame according to the identified coding parameter set, and it may transmit the coded frame to the decoder along with an identifier of the coding parameter set used during the coding. A plurality of coding parameter sets is persistent at an encoder and the decoder simultaneously.

Coding and decoding techniques are disclosed in which a plurality of coding parameter sets is transmitted between an encoder and a decoder, each of which is distinguishable from the others by a respective identifier. When a new frame of video is to be coded, an encoder may identify a coding parameter set to be applied during coding, it may code the new frame according to the identified coding parameter set, and it may transmit the coded frame to the decoder along with an identifier of the coding parameter set used during the coding. A plurality of coding parameter sets is persistent at an encoder and the decoder simultaneously.

A reception apparatus includes a plurality of reception units each corresponding to a communication path among a plurality of communication paths, and a generation unit configured to, in a case where the plurality of reception units receives a first data unit and a second data unit, generate the first data unit at a first time corresponding to a time at which the plurality of reception units has completed reception of data forming the first data unit, and generate the second data unit at a second time corresponding to a time at which the plurality of reception units has completed reception of data forming the second data unit.

A method for decoding a video bitstream comprising a sequence of pictures comprising a picture A and a picture B, wherein picture A starts a recovery point period and picture B ends the recovery point period. The method includes obtaining the video bitstream and decoding from the video bitstream a normative indication of the recovery point period. The normative indication of the recovery point period indicates that picture A starts the recovery point period and/or that picture B ends the recovery point period.

In general, the disclosure to techniques for regional random access within a picture of video data. For example, a video coding device receives a plurality of pictures in a coding order. Each respective picture of the plurality of pictures comprises a plurality of regions. For a first region in a first picture of the plurality of pictures, the video coding device determines that the first region is codable independent from each other region of the first picture and from a first region in a second picture preceding the first picture in the coding order and, responsive to making such a determination, determine that the first region in the first picture has random accessibility. The video coding device codes each video block in the first region independent from any video blocks outside of the first region.

Provided are entropy encoding and entropy decoding for video encoding and decoding. The video entropy decoding method includes: determining a bin string and a bin index for a maximum coding unit that is obtained from a bitstream; determining a value of a syntax element by comparing the determined bin string with bin strings that is assignable to the syntax element in the bin index; storing context variables for the maximum coding unit when the syntax element is a last syntax element in the maximum coding unit, a dependent slice segment is includable in a picture in which the maximum coding unit is included, and the maximum coding unit is a last maximum coding unit in a slice segment; and restoring symbols of the maximum coding unit by using the determined value of the syntax element.