A method for estimating bandwidth between a video server and a video client for playing back a video stream includes video packets. The method involves the following steps performed by the video client: receiving the video packets from the video server wherein the video packets are transmitted by the video server at predetermined time intervals; calculating a difference in a size of the video packets and a difference in a time of reception of the video packets; and estimating the bandwidth based on the calculated difference in size and the calculated difference in the time of reception. The present disclosure further relates to a media player configured to perform the disclosed method.

A video playing control method includes obtaining a video playing policy, where the video playing policy determines information about a control algorithm used for video playing, determining according to the video playing policy, a target control algorithm used for video playing, downloading and playing a video by using the target control algorithm, collecting video playing quality indicator data in a process of downloading and playing the video, and uploading the quality indicator data to a server, to indicate the server to adjust the video playing policy based on the quality indicator data.

A method for providing a personalized media stream includes receiving a signal from a user to launch a personalized media stream, determining a current time, identifying a first time slot of a schedule into which the current time falls, identifying a first channel that is associated with the first time slot, wherein viewing history for the user indicates that the user has viewed the first channel during the first time slot in the past, automatically tuning the display device to the first channel in response to the signal, receiving, subsequent to the automatically tuning, a command from the user to pause a program playing on the first channel, identifying a second channel associated with a second time slot, wherein the second time slot occurs later in time that the first time slot, and buffering a portion of a program being shown on the second channel during the second time slot.

A method comprising: requesting, by a client, an independently coded first representation of a video content component from a server; receiving and playing a first set of data units of the independently coded first representation; requesting a second set of data units of a second representation, said second set of data units being dependently coded on one Receive and play a first set of data units of or more requested or buffered data units of the first set; and requesting a third set of independently coded data units of a third representation.

Creative intent input describing emotion expectations and narrative information relating to media content is received. Expected physiologically observable states relating to the media content are generated based on the creative intent input. An audiovisual content signal with the media content and media metadata comprising the physiologically observable states is provided to a playback apparatus. The audiovisual content signal causes the playback device to use physiological monitoring signals to determine, with respect to a viewer, assessed physiologically observable states relating to the media content and generate, based on the expected physiologically observable states and the assessed physiologically observable states, modified media content to be rendered to the viewer.

A method and an apparatus for decoding a volumetric video are disclosed. Such a method comprises receiving a data stream representative of a file comprising information for selecting, according to a rendering viewpoint, at least one atlas comprising color and depth data patches associated with a viewpoint in said volumetric video, said color and depth data patches being generated with respect to depth and color reference data acquired from a reference viewpoint in said volumetric video.

A method for providing a personalized media stream includes receiving a signal from a user to launch a personalized media stream, determining a current time, identifying a first time slot of a schedule into which the current time falls, identifying a first channel that is associated with the first time slot, wherein viewing history for the user indicates that the user has viewed the first channel during the first time slot in the past, automatically tuning the display device to the first channel in response to the signal, receiving, subsequent to the automatically tuning, a command from the user to pause a program playing on the first channel, identifying a second channel associated with a second time slot, wherein the second time slot occurs later in time that the first time slot, and buffering a portion of a program being shown on the second channel during the second time slot.

Provided are a signal processing device and an image display apparatus including the same. The signal processing device and the image display apparatus including the same include: a signal processor 170a may include an OSC processor configured to upscale an OSC having a first resolution to a second resolution greater than the first resolution; and a synthesizer configured to synthesize at least a part of an image having the second resolution and the upscaled OSD having the second resolution, and the OSD processor outputs the OSD having the second resolution, in which luminance and transparency are adjusted.

The present invention relates to a method for synchronizing an additional signal to a primary signal. Synchronization information for a primary signal is generated by extracting at least one signal feature sequence of the primary signal and comparing it to DB feature sequences stored in a database. If the signal feature sequence matches one of the DB feature sequences to a predetermined degree, then synchronization information of the matching DB feature sequences is allocated to the primary signal at a position specified by the signal feature sequence. The synchronization information is transmitted to a playback device, which outputs an additional signal to the primary signal based on the synchronization information.

An online system receives video data items from users and encodes the video data items using various codecs. To account for different computational resources used for encoding using different codecs, the online system ranks combinations of video data items by ratios of encoding video data items with different codecs to computational costs of encoding different video data items with different codecs. The benefit of encoding a video data item with a codec is based on a compression efficiency of the codec and a predicted aggregate amount of the video data item displayed to various users of the online system. Encoding video data items with codecs based on the determined ratios allows the online system to optimize a duration of video data having at least a threshold video quality to users.