A pixel included in an image sensor may include: a first control node and a second control node, each configured to receive control signals and generate a hole current in a substrate; and a first detection node and a second detection node, configured to capture electrons which are generated by incident light in the substrate and move by the hole current. Each of the first and second control nodes has a shape including a first surface and second surfaces connected to the first surface and the first surfaces of the first control node and the second control node are disposed to face each other, and an area of the first surface is larger than an area of any one of the second surfaces.

A signal input from a microphone is A-D converted by an A-D converter, is frequency differentiated by a pre-emphasis circuit, and is input to a shift control circuit. The shift control circuit includes a limiter circuit, a phase shifter, and a harmonic suppressor. The limiter circuit performs amplitude limitation so as to limit the amplitude of the input control target signal to be equal to or less than a first threshold. The phase shifter shifts, for the control target signal having the amplitude limited, a phase of a frequency component within the predetermined frequency range. The harmonic suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal phase-shifted by the phase shifter, a frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold, and outputs an information signal that is the control target signal having the frequency component of equal to or greater than the second threshold suppressed. The modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal. The transmitter produces a transmission signal from the frequency-modulated carrier wave, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A signal input from a microphone is A-D converted by an A-D converter, is frequency differentiated by a pre-emphasis circuit, and is input to a shift control circuit. The shift control circuit includes a limiter circuit, a phase shifter, and a harmonic suppressor. The limiter circuit performs amplitude limitation so as to limit the amplitude of the input control target signal to be equal to or less than a first threshold. The phase shifter shifts, for the control target signal having the amplitude limited, a phase of a frequency component within the predetermined frequency range. The harmonic suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal phase-shifted by the phase shifter, a frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold, and outputs an information signal that is the control target signal having the frequency component of equal to or greater than the second threshold suppressed. The modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal. The transmitter produces a transmission signal from the frequency-modulated carrier wave, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A shift control circuit includes a first limiter circuit, a phase shifter, a first suppressor, and a reducer. The first limiter circuit limits the amplitude of a control target signal input from a microphone, having undergone A-D conversion by an A-D convener, and frequency differentiation by a pre-emphasis circuit, and having the relative intensity of harmonic components increased. The phase shifter performs, for the control target signal having undergone the amplitude limitation, phase shift on the frequency component within a first frequency range. The first suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal having undergone the phase shift, the frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold. The reducer suppresses, for the control target signal having the suppressed frequency component, the frequency component within a second frequency range, and outputs as an information signal. A modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal, and a transmitter produces a transmission signal from the carrier wave having undergone the frequency modulation, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A shift control circuit includes a first limiter circuit, a phase shifter, a first suppressor, and a reducer. The first limiter circuit limits the amplitude of a control target signal input from a microphone, having undergone A-D conversion by an A-D convener, and frequency differentiation by a pre-emphasis circuit, and having the relative intensity of harmonic components increased. The phase shifter performs, for the control target signal having undergone the amplitude limitation, phase shift on the frequency component within a first frequency range. The first suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal having undergone the phase shift, the frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold. The reducer suppresses, for the control target signal having the suppressed frequency component, the frequency component within a second frequency range, and outputs as an information signal. A modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal, and a transmitter produces a transmission signal from the carrier wave having undergone the frequency modulation, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A shift control circuit includes a first limiter circuit, a phase shifter, a first suppressor, and a reducer. The first limiter circuit limits the amplitude of a control target signal input from a microphone, having undergone A-D conversion by an A-D convener, and frequency differentiation by a pre-emphasis circuit, and having the relative intensity of harmonic components increased. The phase shifter performs, for the control target signal having undergone the amplitude limitation, phase shift on the frequency component within a first frequency range. The first suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal having undergone the phase shift, the frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold. The reducer suppresses, for the control target signal having the suppressed frequency component, the frequency component within a second frequency range, and outputs as an information signal. A modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal, and a transmitter produces a transmission signal from the carrier wave haying undergone the frequency modulation, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A shift control circuit includes a first limiter circuit, a phase shifter, a first suppressor, and a reducer. The first limiter circuit limits the amplitude of a control target signal input from a microphone, having undergone A-D conversion by an A-D convener, and frequency differentiation by a pre-emphasis circuit, and having the relative intensity of harmonic components increased. The phase shifter performs, for the control target signal having undergone the amplitude limitation, phase shift on the frequency component within a first frequency range. The first suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal having undergone the phase shift, the frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold. The reducer suppresses, for the control target signal having the suppressed frequency component, the frequency component within a second frequency range, and outputs as an information signal. A modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal, and a transmitter produces a transmission signal from the carrier wave haying undergone the frequency modulation, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A signal input from a microphone is A-D converted by an A-D converter, is frequency differentiated by a pre-emphasis circuit, and is input to a shift control circuit. The shift control circuit includes a limiter circuit, a phase shifter, and a harmonic suppressor. The limiter circuit performs amplitude limitation so as to limit the amplitude of the input control target signal to be equal to or less than a first threshold. The phase shifter shifts, for the control target signal having the amplitude limited, a phase of a frequency component within the predetermined frequency range. The harmonic suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal phase-shifted by the phase shifter, a frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold, and outputs an information signal that is the control target signal having the frequency component of equal to or greater than the second threshold suppressed. The modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal. The transmitter produces a transmission signal from the frequency-modulated carrier wave, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A signal input from a microphone is A-D converted by an A-D converter, is frequency differentiated by a pre-emphasis circuit, and is input to a shift control circuit. The shift control circuit includes a limiter circuit, a phase shifter, and a harmonic suppressor. The limiter circuit performs amplitude limitation so as to limit the amplitude of the input control target signal to be equal to or less than a first threshold. The phase shifter shifts, for the control target signal having the amplitude limited, a phase of a frequency component within the predetermined frequency range. The harmonic suppressor suppresses, for the control target signal phase-shifted by the phase shifter, a frequency component equal to or greater than a second threshold, and outputs an information signal that is the control target signal having the frequency component of equal to or greater than the second threshold suppressed. The modulator performs frequency modulation on a carrier wave in accordance with the information signal. The transmitter produces a transmission signal from the frequency-modulated carrier wave, and transmits the transmission signal via an antenna.

A method of processing image data includes generating image data including luminance and chrominance data representing a selected object, separating the luminance and chrominance data, storing the separated luminance and chrominance data in corresponding separate spaces in memory, and separately compressing the stored luminance and chrominance data.