Provided is a method of controlling a bitrate of a user equipment (UE), the method including: receiving bitrate control information from a base station (BS); changing a bitrate by a value determined based on the bitrate control information; transmitting, to the BS, information notifying that the bitrate has been changed; and communicating with another UE at the changed bitrate.

Provided is a method of controlling a bitrate of a user equipment (UE), the method including: receiving bitrate control information from a base station (BS); changing a bitrate by a value determined based on the bitrate control information; transmitting, to the BS, information notifying that the bitrate has been changed; and communicating with another UE at the changed bitrate.

A method of traffic flow management with stream classification service (SCS) and associated apparatus are provided, where the wireless communications system may include a first device and a second device. The method may include: carrying and sending a first descriptor element in a first request frame, requesting for a SCS stream from the first device, wherein the first descriptor element is related to the SCS, wherein the first request frame includes a first indication, indicating whether the second device agrees that the SCS stream and any other stream from the first device to the second device share a same traffic identifier (TID).

A method of traffic flow management with stream classification service (SCS) and associated apparatus are provided, where the wireless communications system may include a first device and a second device. The method may include: carrying and sending a first descriptor element in a first request frame, requesting for a SCS stream from the first device, wherein the first descriptor element is related to the SCS, wherein the first request frame includes a first indication, indicating whether the second device agrees that the SCS stream and any other stream from the first device to the second device share a same traffic identifier (TID).

A method (100) for managing resource usage across domains in a communication network is disclosed. The communication network comprises a radio access domain, a core domain and a transport domain providing connectivity between the radio access domain and the core domain. The method comprises receiving from the core domain an indication of load status of gateway nodes in the core domain (110), receiving from the transport domain an indication of load status of transport resources in the transport domain (120), normalising across the core and transport domain a cost of using resources in each domain (130), calculating, on the basis of the normalised costs, optimal chains of resources in the core and transport domains for providing a service from different radio access nodes to different possible Access Point Names (APNs) (140), and sending to the core and transport domains information about the calculated optimal resource chains (150). Also disclosed are methods for managing resource usage in a core domain, a transport domain and a radio access domain of a communication network, together with cross domain, core domain, transport domain and radio access domain control elements.

A method (100) for managing resource usage across domains in a communication network is disclosed. The communication network comprises a radio access domain, a core domain and a transport domain providing connectivity between the radio access domain and the core domain. The method comprises receiving from the core domain an indication of load status of gateway nodes in the core domain (110), receiving from the transport domain an indication of load status of transport resources in the transport domain (120), normalising across the core and transport domain a cost of using resources in each domain (130), calculating, on the basis of the normalised costs, optimal chains of resources in the core and transport domains for providing a service from different radio access nodes to different possible Access Point Names (APNs) (140), and sending to the core and transport domains information about the calculated optimal resource chains (150). Also disclosed are methods for managing resource usage in a core domain, a transport domain and a radio access domain of a communication network, together with cross domain, core domain, transport domain and radio access domain control elements.

The disclosed technology is directed towards load balancing baseband units in a communications network. A baseband physical layer 1 unit's functions are disaggregated into Layer 1 (L1) distributed units and radio units, instead of deploying full-fledged baseband units at a service′ provider's service areas (cells). A load balancer scales up the number of active distributed units based on increased actual demand, and scales down the active distributed units based on decreased demand. The L1 distributed units and radio units can be software-defined network functions, and need not be collocated, whereby the distributed units can be in the cloud or hub remotely located relative to the radio units deployed at the service areas. Examples of load balancing can be load balancing of transmitted data per carrier, per subcarrier, per user equipment, per transmission time interval (TTI/slot), per bearer, or per channel.

The disclosed technology is directed towards load balancing baseband units in a communications network. A baseband physical layer 1 unit's functions are disaggregated into Layer 1 (L1) distributed units and radio units, instead of deploying full-fledged baseband units at a service′ provider's service areas (cells). A load balancer scales up the number of active distributed units based on increased actual demand, and scales down the active distributed units based on decreased demand. The L1 distributed units and radio units can be software-defined network functions, and need not be collocated, whereby the distributed units can be in the cloud or hub remotely located relative to the radio units deployed at the service areas. Examples of load balancing can be load balancing of transmitted data per carrier, per subcarrier, per user equipment, per transmission time interval (TTI/slot), per bearer, or per channel.

According to a first embodiment, a method may include receiving at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) request from at least one application function (AF). The method may further include determining at least one hold and forward (HnF) parameter based on the at least one TSC request. The method may further include transmitting the at least one HnF parameter to at least one user equipment (UE).

According to a first embodiment, a method may include receiving at least one time sensitive communications (TSC) request from at least one application function (AF). The method may further include determining at least one hold and forward (HnF) parameter based on the at least one TSC request. The method may further include transmitting the at least one HnF parameter to at least one user equipment (UE).