The present disclosure describes methods, systems, and devices for informing at least one downstream device of a migrating integrated access backhaul node (IAB-node) about an inter-donor migration status of migrating IAB node undergoing a migration from a source IAB-donor to a target IAB-donor. The method includes receiving, by a receiving device, a radio resource control (RRC) message sent from an IAB-donor. The RRC message includes an information element which indicates an inter-donor migration status of a migrating IAB-node. The method further includes in response to the information element indicating a successful inter-donor migration, sending, by the receiving device, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) status reports to a target IAB-donor. The PDCP status report corresponds to a radio link control acknowledged mode (RLC-AM) bearer configured to be allowed to send the PDCP status report in an uplink, and is configured to update data transmission for the receiving device.

The present disclosure describes methods, systems, and devices for informing at least one downstream device of a migrating integrated access backhaul node (IAB-node) about an inter-donor migration status of migrating IAB node undergoing a migration from a source IAB-donor to a target IAB-donor. The method includes receiving, by a receiving device, a radio resource control (RRC) message sent from an IAB-donor. The RRC message includes an information element which indicates an inter-donor migration status of a migrating IAB-node. The method further includes in response to the information element indicating a successful inter-donor migration, sending, by the receiving device, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) status reports to a target IAB-donor. The PDCP status report corresponds to a radio link control acknowledged mode (RLC-AM) bearer configured to be allowed to send the PDCP status report in an uplink, and is configured to update data transmission for the receiving device.

A source access and mobility management function (AMF) sends, to a target AMF, a first message indicating: a handover of a wireless device; and a source session management function (SMF). A second message causing a release of at least one second session of the wireless device is received from the target AMF. A request for the release of the at least one second session is sent to the source SMF. An indication of completion of the release is received from the source SMF. An indication of the completion of the release is sent to the target AMF.

A source access and mobility management function (AMF) sends, to a target AMF, a first message indicating: a handover of a wireless device; and a source session management function (SMF). A second message causing a release of at least one second session of the wireless device is received from the target AMF. A request for the release of the at least one second session is sent to the source SMF. An indication of completion of the release is received from the source SMF. An indication of the completion of the release is sent to the target AMF.

To provide a low latency near RT RIC, some embodiments separate the RIC's functions into several different components that operate on different machines (e.g., execute on VMs or Pods) operating on the same host computer or different host computers. Some embodiments also provide high speed interfaces between these machines. Some or all of these interfaces operate in non-blocking, lockless manner in order to ensure that critical near RT RIC operations (e.g., datapath processes) are not delayed due to multiple requests causing one or more components to stall. In addition, each of these RIC components also has an internal architecture that is designed to operate in a non-blocking manner so that no one process of a component can block the operation of another process of the component. All of these low latency features allow the near RT RIC to serve as a high speed IO between the E2 nodes and the xApps.

A quantum resistant method is provided for supporting user equipment (UE) roaming across APs/eNBs/gNBs belonging to various Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) in enterprise 5G and WiFi co-located deployments. The method may include initializing a SKS server in an electrical communication with a master WLC with a random post-quantum common secret seed (PQSEED) to generate a post-quantum pre-shared key (PQPSK) and a respective PQPSK-ID. The method may also include sending an encrypted PQSEED along with a PQPSK-ID to a second WLC. The method may further include joining AP (WiFi) to the master WLC using a CAPWAP/DTLS protocol. The method may further include sending the PQPSK-ID from the master WLC to the UE in an EAP success packet when the UE is associated with the AP (WiFi).

A quantum resistant method is provided for supporting user equipment (UE) roaming across APs/eNBs/gNBs belonging to various Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) in enterprise 5G and WiFi co-located deployments. The method may include initializing a SKS server in an electrical communication with a master WLC with a random post-quantum common secret seed (PQSEED) to generate a post-quantum pre-shared key (PQPSK) and a respective PQPSK-ID. The method may also include sending an encrypted PQSEED along with a PQPSK-ID to a second WLC. The method may further include joining AP (WiFi) to the master WLC using a CAPWAP/DTLS protocol. The method may further include sending the PQPSK-ID from the master WLC to the UE in an EAP success packet when the UE is associated with the AP (WiFi).

This application discloses a load relocation method, apparatus, and a system. The method includes determining, by a communications network entity, a target access management entity for load relocation; and sending, to an access network entity, an identifier of an original access management entity and an identifier of the target access management entity or an address of the target access management entity with respect to the access network entity. The access network entity sends a message from UE to the target access management entity based on the identifier of the original access management entity carried in the message from the UE. In the foregoing solution, signaling overheads in a load relocation process are reduced and load relocation efficiency is improved.

This application discloses a load relocation method, apparatus, and a system. The method includes determining, by a communications network entity, a target access management entity for load relocation; and sending, to an access network entity, an identifier of an original access management entity and an identifier of the target access management entity or an address of the target access management entity with respect to the access network entity. The access network entity sends a message from UE to the target access management entity based on the identifier of the original access management entity carried in the message from the UE. In the foregoing solution, signaling overheads in a load relocation process are reduced and load relocation efficiency is improved.

A broadband communication system provides broadband communication services onboard an aircraft. The broadband communication system includes a satellite communication transceiver, a direct air-to-ground communication (DA2GC) transceiver, and a controller. The satellite communication transceiver is configured to communicate directly with a target satellite providing a satellite communication data pathway with a satellite ground station connected to ground networks. The DA2GC transceiver is configured to communicate directly with a DA2GC ground station providing an DA2GC data pathway with the ground networks. The controller is configured to control handoff between the satellite communication transceiver and the DA2GC transceiver for data communications between the broadband communications system and the ground networks, based on performance of at least one of the satellite communication data pathway and the DA2GC data pathway.