This application provides for a data transmission method, an apparatus, and a device. The method may be applied to a relay communication system. The method includes a first network device that receives a first data packet. The first data packet is a data packet of a first multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), and the first data packet carries first information. When second information of the first network device matches the first information, the first network device sends the first data packet to a terminal device that accesses the first network device. The second information is preconfigured for the first network device. In this way, the MBMS is transmitted in the relay communication system.

Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.

Techniques for determining network reliability using message success rates include a first node in a mesh network computing a transmitted message success rate associated with a connection from the first node to a second node, wherein the second node is a neighbor node to the first node; computing, based on a first accumulated transmitted message success rate and the transmitted message success rate, a second accumulated transmitted message success rate for a route from the first node to a target destination using the second node, wherein the first accumulated transmitted message success rate is received from the second node and is associated with intermediary connections between the second node and the target destination; selecting, based on the second accumulated transmitted message success rate, the second node from a plurality of neighbor nodes; and transmitting a message to the target destination via the second node.

Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.

Processes, methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for pairing a target device with a source device and pairing the target device with a partner device. A user may choose between using the target device and the partner device without actively connecting the partner device to the source device. The target device and the partner device may each be a specialized device providing certain functions. For example, the source device may be a computing device, such as a smart phone or a tablet computer. The target device may be a sound bar dedicated for playing high definition surround sound that outperforms internal speakers of the source device. And the partner device may be a noise-canceling headset. The user may want to seamlessly switch between playing sounds on the sound bard and the headset from time to time under different circumstances, without needing to manually pair the headset to the computing device.

A method for determining a route in an Integrated Access Backhaul “IAB” mesh zone. The method comprises transmitting, to each IAB node of a plurality of IAB nodes, one or more discovery parameters for each IAB node; determining one or more route selection parameters for each IAB node to select a route; a first IAB node of the plurality of IAB nodes determining, based on the one or more discovery parameters, that a second IAB node of the plurality of IAB nodes is discoverable; and upon receiving a packet, selecting a route from the first IAB node based on the one or more route selection parameters and on the first IAB node determining that the second IAB node is discoverable.

Methods and apparatus for performing device-to-device (D2D) discovery are described. A service discovery process may include a discoverable device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) sending a discovery request, over a wireless connection, for a radio resource for the purpose of performing a transmission for radio frequency (RF) proximity detection for a given service. The WTRU may receive a discovery response including a configuration for RF proximity detection from a network, which configuration may be associated to the service. The configuration for RF proximity may be received by dedicated signaling, (e.g., physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)), in particular for a discoverable WTRU. The configuration for RF proximity may be received on a broadcast channel, (e.g., a discovery shared channel (DISCH)), in particular for a monitoring WTRU, and may include one or more service identities, each associated with an RF proximity detection configuration, or a validity information and a measurement configuration.

A wireless sensing system includes a gateway node configured to wirelessly communicate with a plurality wireless nodes in an environment, and a first set of the plurality of wireless nodes, each wireless node of the first set configured to wirelessly communicate with the gateway node and to wirelessly communicate with other wireless nodes of the plurality of wireless nodes, each wireless node of the first set comprising a same first group identifier. The gateway node is configured to address the first set of the plurality of the wireless nodes by addressing all wireless nodes in the environment that broadcast the first group identifier.

Provided are a method for performing, by a terminal, transmission power control in a wireless communication system, and a terminal using the method. The method is characterized by independently calculating first transmission power for wide area network (WAN) transmission performed in a first carrier wave, and second transmission power for transmission according to a device-to-device (D2D) operation performed in a second carrier wave, and reducing the second transmission power if the sum of the first transmission power and the second transmission power is greater than the maximum supported power of the terminal.

A network system includes a main network implementing a conventional network protocol and a BPD subtree implementing a custom network protocol. The main network comprises a plurality of MPD nodes, the conventional network protocol being configured for MPD nodes. The BPD subtree comprises a plurality of BPD nodes, the custom network protocol being configured for BPD nodes. The custom network protocol defines smaller and simpler subtrees relative to the conventional network protocol. As a result, the custom network protocol defines less complex functions relative to the conventional network protocol, including functions for discovery, messaging, and loop management. A root node of the BPD subtree is connected with an MPD node of the main network and one or more descendant nodes of the BPD subtree. The root node implements the conventional network protocol and the custom network protocol.