A communication method and apparatus. A terminal device determines, based on first information received from a first network device, that a second network device has first time information, where the first time information is time information having precision that is higher than precision of second time information of the first network device. The terminal device obtains the first time information of the second network device based on the first information. The terminal device obtains high-precision time information to improve communication reliability.

An interface conversion apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry measures communication quality inside the mobile communication system. The processing circuitry refers to evaluation index information specifying, for each communication group, an allowable range of variation in the measurement result of the communication quality and a fluctuation adjustment time, and determines the communication group in which a variation in the measurement result of the communication quality obtained from history information including a measurement result falls within the allowable range for each piece of identification information included in the packet. The processing circuitry selects the communication group of the packet received from the identification information of the packet received, based on a correspondence relationship between the communication group determined and the identification information of the packet. The processing circuitry controls the packet received for each communication group, using the fluctuation adjustment time in the evaluation index information corresponding to the communication group determined.

The present disclosure provides a reliability assurance method and a related apparatus. A receiving end device (watchdog) detects a continuous packet loss state, and sends the continuous packet loss state to an access network device, so that the access network device adjusts differentiated scheduling and a reliability assurance policy based on the continuous packet loss state.

A system for navigating a mobile object receives satellite navigation signals from a plurality of satellites. Using one or more of the satellite navigation signals from the plurality of satellites, for each respective channel of a plurality of channels, the system generates an estimate of clock error of a clock of the mobile object using a first error correction stage and generates an estimate of a respective carrier tracking error for the respective channel using a second error correction stage that is distinct from the first error correction stage. In accordance with the estimate of the clock error and the estimate of the respective carrier tracking error for each of the plurality of channels, the system computes position and velocity estimates for the mobile object. The system performs a navigation function for the mobile object in accordance with the computed position and velocity estimates for the mobile object.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for multiplexing initial access transmissions with data and/or control transmissions. For example, the techniques include a method for wireless communication by a first base station (BS). The method includes communicating, in a first time interval, with at least a first user equipment (UE), via directional transmissions using a first set of frequency resources, and participating in at least one of an access or management procedure, during the first time interval, via directional transmissions using a second set of frequency resources.

In some examples, a source device categorizes a plurality of messages for transmission to a recipient device, the plurality of messages comprising vehicle-related information. Based on the categorizing, the source device identifies selected messages of the plurality of messages to be aggregated. The source device aggregates the selected messages into a single transmission from the source device to the recipient device.

A terminal apparatus judges whether or not a first timing of paging relating to a first base station apparatus and a second timing of paging relating to a second base station apparatus coincide with each other, transmits, if it is judged that the first and second timings coincide with each other, a predetermined notification regarding a timing of paging to at least one of the first and second base station apparatuses, and changes, on the basis that the predetermined notification has been transmitted, the timing of paging of the base station apparatus to which the predetermined notification has been transmitted.

The present disclosure relates to the field of synchronising a radio frequency (RF) communication system based on the repeated transmission of data at the transmitter and the use of a method for the time synchronous averaging of this data at the receiver. The proposed communication technique uses the fact that the data signal is periodically repeated, without requiring the use of synchronisation data external to the data to be communicated. It enables phase and frequency synchronisation to be maintained when the received signals are very noisy, and even when they have a signal-to-noise ratio of less than 1 or even a negative signal-to-noise ratio (in dB). A significant improvement in the processing gain of the method for time synchronous averaging is advantageously achieved.

Implementations of advanced frequency synchronization in a mobile integrated access backhaul deployment are disclosed. An apparatus includes at least one processor, and at least one non-transitory memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: estimate a change in a propagation delay at two time instants, measure a time period of the two time instants using a local clock of a network node, wherein the two time instants correspond to a known timing of a received signal, subtract the change of the propagation delay from the measured time period, calculate a difference between the subtracted time period and a known timing of the received signal; and convert the difference to a frequency offset value to synchronize downlink transmission frequency between the network node and a parent node.

A user apparatus communicates with a first base station apparatus and a second base station apparatus, and the user apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive, from the first base station apparatus, a configuration for measuring a timing difference between the first base station apparatus and the second base station apparatus; a control unit configured to execute measurement with respect to the second base station apparatus, based on the configuration for measuring the timing difference; and a transmitting unit configured to transmit a result of the executed measurement, to the first base station apparatus, wherein the executed measurement is executed before starting to communicate with the second base station apparatus.