An apparatus of an LMF node includes processing circuitry coupled to a memory. To configure the LMF node for UE location determination in a 5G NR network, the processing circuitry is to decode a measurement report message from a first Next Generation Node-B (gNBi). The measurement report message indicates a time difference (Δtij) between an actual measured propagation time delay (tij) and a reference propagation time delay (Tij) between the gNBi and at least a second gNB (gNBj). The processing circuitry further performs an estimation of a UE location based on the measurement response and adjusts the estimation based on the time difference.

Provided are a method and device for determining a reference timing, a storage medium and an electronic device. The method comprises: a second node determining a reference timing of the second node by using at least one of the following modes: an open-loop mode, a closed-loop mode and an external synchronization source mode. By means of the present disclosure, the problem in the related art that there is no technical solution for setting a reference timing between each-hop links yet exists is solved.

In a hybrid network comprising both guided and wireless communications technologies, a grandmaster clock is designated in one portion of the network and can be propagated across to the other portion by means of a timing synchronization message. This message may include timestamping information and other information to enable recipient devices to correctly synchronize to the grandmaster clock.

Systems and methods are disclosed for random access in a wireless communication system such as, e.g., a wireless communication system having a non-terrestrial (e.g., satellite-based) radio access network. Embodiments of a method performed by a wireless device and corresponding embodiments of a wireless device are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device for random access comprises performing an open-loop timing advance estimation procedure to thereby determine an open-loop timing advance estimate for an uplink between the wireless device and a base station. The method further comprises transmitting a random access preamble using the open-loop timing advance estimate. In this manner, random access can be performed even in the presence of a long propagation delay such as that present in a satellite-based radio access network. Embodiments of a method performed by a base station and corresponding embodiments of a base station are also disclosed.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for a network-based clock for time distribution across a wireless network, are disclosed. One system includes a network that includes a time distributor, a time receiver, and a plurality of network elements providing one or more network connections between the time distributor and the time receiver. The plurality of network elements includes an ingress network element and an egress network element. The time distributor receives and synchronizes to a first clock. Two or more of the plurality of network elements receives and synchronize to a second clock. A forward network transit delay is determined between the ingress network element and the egress network element and a backward network transit delay is determined between the egress network element and the ingress network element. The time receiver time synchronizes to the time distributor using the forward network transit delay and the backward network transit delay.

Methods, systems, and devices for timing adjustments for data transmissions in mobile communication technology are described. An exemplary method for wireless communication includes determining, by the first device, a distance between the first device and the second device, and performing a transmission based on a timing adjustment that is determined using the distance. Another exemplary method for wireless communication includes broadcasting, by the second device, a location information of the second device, and receiving, from the first device, a transmission, where the first device is configured to communicate the transmission based on a timing adjustment that is determined using the distance, and where the distance is based on a location information of the first device and the location information of the second device.

Methods for determining a location of an unknown device (UD) from a plurality of known devices (KDs) are provided including receiving, at the UD, periodically broadcasted messages from each of a plurality of KDs. Corresponding arrival time stamp (T.sub.arrival-i-UD) of each periodically broadcasted message from each of the plurality of KDs are recorded. Each of the plurality of KDs are clock synchronized to a common clock source at a master device(MD). A departure time of the periodically broadcasted message from each of the plurality of KDs is known by the UD in master device time units (T.sub.depart-i-md). X, y and z coordinates of a location of each of the KDs is known by the UD. The x, y and z coordinates of an actual location of the UD is calculated using the x, y and z coordinates of each of the KDs, the recorded arrival times (T.sub.arrival-i-UD) of each of the periodically broadcasted messages from each of the plurality of KDs and the known departure times of each of the periodically broadcasted messages (T.sub.depart-i-md) from each of the plurality of KDs.

Methods for determining a location of an unknown device (UD) from a plurality of known devices (KDs) are provided including receiving, at the UD, periodically broadcasted messages from each of a plurality of KDs. Corresponding arrival time stamp (T.sub.arrival-i-UD) of each periodically broadcasted message from each of the plurality of KDs are recorded. Each of the plurality of KDs are clock synchronized to a common clock source at a master device (MD). A departure time of the periodically broadcasted message from each of the plurality of KDs is known by the UD in master device time units (T.sub.depart-i-md). X, y and z coordinates of a location of each of the KDs is known by the UD. The x, y and z coordinates of an actual location of the UD is calculated using the x, y and z coordinates of each of the KDs, the recorded arrival times (T.sub.arrival-i-UD) of each of the periodically broadcasted messages from each of the plurality of KDs and the known departure times of each of the periodically broadcasted messages (T.sub.depart-i-md) from each of the plurality of KDs.

Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for neighbor cell measurement based timing advance validation. A method may include receiving a network configuration comprising a timing advance command from a network element. The method may also include acquiring at least measurement data of a serving cell relative to a first set of neighbor cells at a first time instance, and measurement data of the serving cell relative to a second set of neighbor cells at a second time instance according to the network configuration. The method may further include performing a timing advance validity check using at least the acquired measurement data from the first time instance and the second time instance. Further, the method may include performing data transmission based on a result of the timing advance validity check.

Systems and methods are disclosed for random access in a wireless communication system such as, e.g., a wireless communication system having a non-terrestrial (e.g., satellite-based) radio access network. Embodiments of a method performed by a wireless device and corresponding embodiments of a wireless device are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device for random access comprises performing an open-loop timing advance estimation procedure to thereby determine an open-loop timing advance estimate for an uplink between the wireless device and a base station. The method further comprises transmitting a random access preamble using the open-loop timing advance estimate. In this manner, random access can be performed even in the presence of a long propagation delay such as that present in a satellite-based radio access network. Embodiments of a method performed by a base station and corresponding embodiments of a base station are also disclosed.