A transition satellite system which includes a legacy satellite system and a new satellite system that incorporates gateway level transition, satellite level transition and carrier level transition. The transition satellite system allows new satellite systems with user terminals, satellites and gateways to be able to coexist with existing legacy systems allowing a gradual phase-out of legacy user terminals and systems.

Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and a related device. In the method, a control plane (CP) sends a first message to a user plane steering function (USF). The first message includes end user information, and indicates the USF to schedule an end user based on the end user information. Then, the CP determines, based on an identifier of a target UP carried in a first request message sent by the USF, to schedule the end user to the target UP. Thus, a scheduling policy of the end user is determined via the USF. The CP further processes a connection between the end user and the target UP based on the identifier of the target UP.

An example method includes, in response to receiving a gateway heartbeat message from a lighting system non-connected gateway RF node, incrementing a gateway heartbeat counter. In response to receiving a repeater RF node heartbeat message from a network RF node of lighting system non-connected network RF nodes set to a repeater role, incrementing a repeater heartbeat counter. In response to a cycle time exceeding a cycle time timeout, the gateway heartbeat counter not exceeding a gateway heartbeat threshold, and the repeater heartbeat counter exceeding a repeater heartbeat threshold, selecting a selected network RF node of the RF nodes set to the repeater role. Transmitting, via an extended star wireless network, a registration message to the selected network RF node. In response to transmitting the registration message and having a network RF node role state set to an unconnected role, setting the network RF node role state to a connected role.

An improved air interface for satellite systems such as a 5G-based non-geostationary (NGSO) satellite system. The air interface includes an improved physical interface for efficient operation over NGSO satellite systems. The air interface includes an improved forward link for communicating from the satellite gateway to the user terminal and a return link for communicating from the user terminal to the satellite gateway.

A method and an apparatus for terminating a cellular network connection of a terminal that is connected without authentication are provided. The disclosure relates to a communication technique and a system for fusing a 4th generation (4G) system and a 5th generation (5G) communication system to support higher data rates, which is subsequent to the 4G system, with Internet-of-things (IoT) technology. The disclosure may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail business, security and safe-related services, or the like) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

A method and an apparatus for terminating a cellular network connection of a terminal that is connected without authentication are provided. The disclosure relates to a communication technique and a system for fusing a 4th generation (4G) system and a 5th generation (5G) communication system to support higher data rates, which is subsequent to the 4G system, with Internet-of-things (IoT) technology. The disclosure may be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail business, security and safe-related services, or the like) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

Disclosed are a system and method of regulating mobile device communications while operating a motor vehicle. One example method may include determining a speed event indicating that a speed of the motor vehicle has performed at least one of exceeded a first threshold above which mobile device usage restriction policies are invoked and fallen below a second threshold allowing the mobile device restriction policies to be removed. The first threshold may be equal to or greater than the second threshold. As a result of obtaining the speed event, the method may also provide transmitting the speed event to a remote edge gateway server located remotely from the motor vehicle, which stores the speed event for reference purposes when determining a policy for routing a particular mobile device call, text message and/or mobile data session.

A method (100) for managing resource usage across domains in a communication network is disclosed. The communication network comprises a radio access domain, a core domain and a transport domain providing connectivity between the radio access domain and the core domain. The method comprises receiving from the core domain an indication of load status of gateway nodes in the core domain (110), receiving from the transport domain an indication of load status of transport resources in the transport domain (120), normalising across the core and transport domain a cost of using resources in each domain (130), calculating, on the basis of the normalised costs, optimal chains of resources in the core and transport domains for providing a service from different radio access nodes to different possible Access Point Names (APNs) (140), and sending to the core and transport domains information about the calculated optimal resource chains (150). Also disclosed are methods for managing resource usage in a core domain, a transport domain and a radio access domain of a communication network, together with cross domain, core domain, transport domain and radio access domain control elements.

A method (100) for managing resource usage across domains in a communication network is disclosed. The communication network comprises a radio access domain, a core domain and a transport domain providing connectivity between the radio access domain and the core domain. The method comprises receiving from the core domain an indication of load status of gateway nodes in the core domain (110), receiving from the transport domain an indication of load status of transport resources in the transport domain (120), normalising across the core and transport domain a cost of using resources in each domain (130), calculating, on the basis of the normalised costs, optimal chains of resources in the core and transport domains for providing a service from different radio access nodes to different possible Access Point Names (APNs) (140), and sending to the core and transport domains information about the calculated optimal resource chains (150). Also disclosed are methods for managing resource usage in a core domain, a transport domain and a radio access domain of a communication network, together with cross domain, core domain, transport domain and radio access domain control elements.

A method of OFDMA subcarrier allocation for stations in a wireless network includes determining a total downlink buffered traffic load for downlink traffic from a gateway device to the stations, and receiving a total uplink buffered traffic load for uplink traffic from the stations to the gateway device. The method further includes determining a first ratio of total downlink buffered traffic load for each station in relation to total downlink buffered traffic load for all stations, determining a second ratio of total uplink buffered traffic load for each station in relation to total uplink buffered traffic load for all stations, performing OFDMA subcarrier allocation for the downlink traffic by assigning available channel bandwidth proportional to the first ratio for each station, and performing OFDMA subcarrier allocation for the uplink traffic by assigning available channel bandwidth proportional to the second ratio for each station.