A method for establishing indirect and/or dual connectivity between virtualized 5G gENBs and virtualized 4G eNodeBs for dynamic X2 is disclosed. In one embodiment a method includes virtualizing, with a HetNet Gateway (HNG), BBUs and home eNodeBs over a standard S1 interface; establishing the HNG as a macro interfacing an EPC on 3GPP standard interfaces; communicating with an MME over the S1 interface for control plane signaling; and communicating with SAEGW over a standard GTPU interface for a data plane.

The disclosed technology includes a method and system for preventing or reducing cyber-attacks in telecommunications networks, such as 5G networks. For example, a first node in a 5G network can detect that a first connected device is at risk of a cyber-attack based on one or more conditions and can broadcast to a plurality of nodes in the RAN that the first connected device is at risk of the cyber-attack. The first node can receive a first message from a second node of the plurality of nodes confirming or acknowledging that the first connected device is at risk of the cyber-attack. In response to receiving the first message from the second node confirming or acknowledging that the first connected device is at risk of the cyber-attack, the system can deauthorize the first connected device.

Disclosed is a mobile edge computing system that provides localized emergency responses and warning exclusively to UEs within a venue or area, and provides location-specific warning within the venue or area. The system includes a component that aggregates the S1-mme interface between the MME and a plurality of baseband units and provides read and write access to the S1-mme interface. The disclosed mobile edge computing system can issue cell-specific public warning system (PWS) messages that are customized for and transmitted exclusively to each individual cell within the venue.

A gateway apparatus including a first inter-device interface configured to communicate with a monitoring apparatus; a second inter-device interface configured to communicate with multiple subordinate base station apparatuses; a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to generate first configuration information when second configuration information is received from the monitoring apparatus via the first inter-device interface. The processor generates the first configuration information by performing protocol conversion of converting the second configuration information into a format adapted to the second inter-device interface for the multiple base station apparatuses. The processor is further configured to transmit the generated first configuration information to the multiple base station apparatuses via the second inter-device interface, and divide the multiple base station apparatuses into predetermined groups. The processor transmits the first configuration information to the multiple base station apparatuses at a different timing for each of the groups.

Provided by embodiments of the present application are a session processing method and device, and a storage medium. The method includes: determining, by a MB-SMF network element, to deactivate a MBS session, and sending, via an AMF network element, an MBS session suspend request to an access network device; and receiving, by the MB-SMF network element, an MBS session suspend response from the access network device.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The described techniques provide for first integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node establishing a signaling connection with an IAB donor node and a sidelink connection with a second IAB node or a user equipment (UE). The first IAB node may include a mobile termination unit and a distributed unit and may support sidelink communications. In some cases, the first IAB node may report an indication of sidelink communications support, receive an indication of sidelink communication authorization, and receive sidelink configuration information. The first IAB node may transmit one or more data messages to the IAB donor on the signaling connection and transmit one or more data messages to the second IAB node or the UE via the sidelink connection.

A method for utilizing quality of service information in a network with tunneled backhaul is disclosed, comprising: establishing a backhaul bearer at a base station with a first core network, the backhaul bearer established by a backhaul user equipment (UE) at the base station, the backhaul bearer having a single priority parameter, the backhaul bearer terminating at a first packet data network gateway in the first core network; establishing an encrypted internet protocol (IP) tunnel between the base station and a coordinating gateway in communication with the first core network and a second core network; facilitating, for at least one UE attached at the base station, establishment of a plurality of UE data bearers encapsulated in the secure IP tunnel, each with their own QCI; and transmitting prioritized data of the plurality of UE data bearers via the backhaul bearer and the coordinating gateway to the second core network.

An infrastructure device includes a transceiver, programmed to communicate with a plurality of vehicles, wherein at least one of the vehicles is located within a distance defined from a location of the infrastructure device, and at least one of the vehicles is located outside the distance from the location of the infrastructure device; and a controller, programmed to measure a channel busy ratio (CBR) for communication with the plurality of vehicles, measure a package error rate (PER) for communication with one or more of the vehicles located within the distance, and responsive to the CBR being greater than a CBR threshold, or the PER being greater than a PER threshold, record an interference event into a log.

A multicast communication method and a communication apparatus provide for transmission of data of a multicast service using a PDU session established by a terminal device to improve network element utilization. An AF network element sends first multicast service indication information to a session management network element indicating a first multicast service. The session management network element sends, based on the first multicast service indication information, multicast service information to an access network device that serves a terminal device. The access network device establishes an association relationship between the terminal device and the first multicast service based on the multicast service information, so that the access network device can send, when receiving data of the first multicast service, the data of the first multicast service to the terminal device using a PDU session.

A transmission tunnel changing method, an access network device, and a core network device are provided. The transmission tunnel changing method is performed by a base station, and the method includes: establishing multiple transmission tunnels for one target service; receiving data of the target service by using a source transmission tunnel, where the source transmission tunnel is one of the multiple transmission tunnels; receiving a transmission tunnel change instruction, where the transmission tunnel change instruction is used to instruct to change data transmission of the target service from the source transmission tunnel to a target transmission tunnel, and the target transmission tunnel is one of the multiple transmission tunnels; and receiving the data of the target service from the target transmission tunnel.