Disclosed is a heating element for a dental furnace including a tube element for accommodating a heating coil inside the tube element. At least one closing element may be connected to at least one open end of the tube element, wherein electrical connectors may be led through the closing element and fused with the element. The tube element may be made from a ceramic material, such as oxide ceramics, that may be connected to the connector via a plurality of intermediate glasses/transition glasses and glass solder to compensate for different heat expansion coefficients such that up to 500° C. gas escaping from the tube element may not enter due to a thermal action, providing that operational safety of the heating element is ensured. Further, disclosed is a dental furnace including such a heating element.

Disclosed is a heating element for a dental furnace including a tube element for accommodating a heating coil inside the tube element. At least one closing element may be connected to at least one open end of the tube element, wherein electrical connectors may be led through the closing element and fused with the element. The tube element may be made from a ceramic material, such as oxide ceramics, that may be connected to the connector via a plurality of intermediate glasses/transition glasses and glass solder to compensate for different heat expansion coefficients such that up to 500° C. gas escaping from the tube element may not enter due to a thermal action, providing that operational safety of the heating element is ensured. Further, disclosed is a dental furnace including such a heating element.

A splice for a skin-effect effect heating cable. The splice includes a primary shim configured to be shrunk over part of an insulation layer of a first portion of the heating cable, a secondary shim configured to be shrunk part of the insulation layer of a second portion of the heating cable, a connector configured to electrically couple the first portion of the heating cable and the second portion of the heating cable, and an outer cold shrink tube configured to be shrunk over the primary shim, the secondary shim, and the connector.

A splice for a skin-effect effect heating cable. The splice includes a primary shim configured to be shrunk over part of an insulation layer of a first portion of the heating cable, a secondary shim configured to be shrunk part of the insulation layer of a second portion of the heating cable, a connector configured to electrically couple the first portion of the heating cable and the second portion of the heating cable, and an outer cold shrink tube configured to be shrunk over the primary shim, the secondary shim, and the connector.

A unit for high-temperature for uses above 700° C. is provided. The unit includes a housing and an electrical functional element. The functional element has a non-conducting substrate, an electrically conductive element, and at least one connection wire or pad. The functional element has a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section is within the housing and shielded from a local environment. The second section includes the at least one connection wire or pad and is accessible externally to the housing. The third section is between the first and second sections and is embedded in an electrically insulating material. The insulating material seals off the housing from the functional element. A physical and/or chemical bond at an interface between the insulating material and the functional element.

A unit for high-temperature for uses above 700° C. is provided. The unit includes a housing and an electrical functional element. The functional element has a non-conducting substrate, an electrically conductive element, and at least one connection wire or pad. The functional element has a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section is within the housing and shielded from a local environment. The second section includes the at least one connection wire or pad and is accessible externally to the housing. The third section is between the first and second sections and is embedded in an electrically insulating material. The insulating material seals off the housing from the functional element. A physical and/or chemical bond at an interface between the insulating material and the functional element.

A temperature control device for arrangement on a surface to be tempered, having an upper part, a lower part, an electrical connection and at least one first tempering element in connection with the electrical connection. The lower part is designed for engagement with the upper part such that a surface pressure can be provided with the upper part and the lower part in the orthogonal direction to an upper side and a lower side of the first tempering element for surface coupling of the lower part to the surface to be tempered. The temperature control device can be fastened longitudinally displaceably to the surface to be tempered in such a way that a change in length of the temperature control device in the longitudinal direction of the temperature control device can be accommodated.

A temperature control device for arrangement on a surface to be tempered, having an upper part, a lower part, an electrical connection and at least one first tempering element in connection with the electrical connection. The lower part is designed for engagement with the upper part such that a surface pressure can be provided with the upper part and the lower part in the orthogonal direction to an upper side and a lower side of the first tempering element for surface coupling of the lower part to the surface to be tempered. The temperature control device can be fastened longitudinally displaceably to the surface to be tempered in such a way that a change in length of the temperature control device in the longitudinal direction of the temperature control device can be accommodated.

A connection unit for an exhaust gas heater in an exhaust gas system of a combustion engine includes an electrically conducting connection element, elongated in the direction of a connection element longitudinal axis (L). The connection element has an inner connection region for connection to a heating conductor and an outer connection region for connection to an electrical supply. A carrier arrangement surrounds the connection element and an insulating arrangement insulates the connection element with respect to the carrier arrangement.

An IR radiator element (1) suitable for use as a miniature infrared emitter (micro-hotplate) in a gas sensor, IR-spectrometer or electron microscope. The micro-hotplate comprises a plate (2) supported by multiple support arms (4). The plate and arms are fabricated as a MEMS device comprising a single contiguous piece of electrically-conducting refractory ceramic such as hafnium carbide (HfC) or tantalum hafnium carbide (TaHfC). Each of the arms (4), in addition to providing structural cantilever support for the plate (2), acts as a heating element for the plate (2). The plate (2) is heated by applying a voltage across the arms (4). The arms (4) may also be shaped to absorb thermomechanical stress which arises during the heating and cooling of the arms and plate. The plate, which may have an area of less than 0.05 mm.sup.2 and a thickness of between 1% and 10% of the largest dimension of the plate (2), for example, can be heated to 4,000 K or more and cooled again with a duty cycle of as little 0.5 ms, thereby permitting pulsed operation at frequencies of up to 2 kHz. Its small size (10-200 μm) and low power consumption (e.g. 10-100 mW) make the micro-hotplate suitable for use in cryogenic applications, in miniaturized devices or in battery-powered devices such as mobile phones.