The present invention relates to a heating device comprising: a base substrate; an electrically conductive layer, referred to as the heating layer, carried by the substrate, formed from at least one percolating network of nano-objects comprising metal nanowires; and a thermal diffusion layer made from aluminum nitride, covering all or part of the heating layer. The invention also concerns a method for preparing such a heating device.

Methods of passively sampling PFAS in the environment, PFAS sorbents, apparatus and systems (apparatus plus conditions) for sampling groundwater, porewater, and surface water are described.

A cooktop includes a base and an electrically conductive coating applied to the lower surface of the base. The coating is composed of a paint containing electrically conductive particles dispersed in a silicone or polyester-silicone or epoxy-silicone resin. The conductive particles are selected from the group consisting of multi-wall or single-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, copper metallic particles, nickel metallic particles, or combinations thereof.

A positive temperature coefficient component includes: a substrate (32); a conductive ink (36) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32); a positive temperature coefficient layer (38) disposed over at least a portion of the substrate (32) and/or the conductive ink (36); and a topcoat layer (42) formed from a coating composition including a dielectric material disposed over at least a portion of the positive temperature coefficient layer (38) and/or the conductive ink (36).

An electric heating pad for warming a patient. The electric heating pad may be a heated underbody support, heated mattress or heated mattress overlay. An embodiment of the heating pad includes a flexible sheet-like heating element including an upper edge, a lower edge, and at least two side edges. The heating pad may also include a shell covering the heating element and comprising at least two sheets of flexible material (e.g., two sheets may be one sheet folded over to form at least two sheets). The two sheets of flexible material may be coupled together about the edges of the heating element by a weld. The material of the two sheets may include urethane. In some embodiments, a catalyst to accelerate hydrogen peroxide decomposition is coated on or impregnated into an element within the shell, or on the interior surface of the shell.

Configurations are described that provide uniform heat distribution of resistive heaters. These configurations allow successful anti-icing and deicing with relatively low applied power. One aspect involves the use of a thin film heater applied just underneath the topcoat to efficiently direct all heat to the surface, allowing anti-icing and de-icing with minimal power. This can be accomplished by employing a hybrid electrode interface, using a metal foil or metal braid that is attached to the aircraft surface with a structural adhesive that has been smoothed along the edges with metal-filled adhesive. Another aspect uses an array of heater cells created as a single sheet and a heat spreading material, provided underneath or overtop of the heater cells.

The present disclosure provides an electrically conductive sheet for use in three-dimensional molding including: a pseudo-sheet structure in which plural electrically conductive linear bodies extending unidirectionally are arranged spaced apart from each other; and a resin protective layer provided on a surface of the pseudo-sheet structure. In the above mentioned electrically conductive sheet, each of the electrically conductive linear bodies in the pseudo-sheet structure includes: a first portion formed in a wave pattern having a wavelength λ1 and an amplitude A1; and a second portion formed in a wave pattern having a wavelength λ2 and an amplitude A2, at least one of which is different from the wavelength λ1 or the amplitude A1 of the first portion.

An electrical heating device comprises: a first electrode layer (13), made of electrically conductive material; a second electrode layer (14), made of electrically conductive material; and a heating layer, made of a material having a PTC effect, wherein the first electrode layer (13) and the second electrode layer (14) face one another, with at least one part of the heating layer that is set between the first electrode layer (13) and the second electrode layer (14), in contact with them. At least one region (21) of the at least one from among the first electrode layer (13), the second electrode layer (14), and said at least one part of the heating layer has a plurality of electrically non-conductive sites (30a, 30b, 30c), which are prearranged for bringing about: —an emission of heat by the heating device (10) in said at least one region (21) that is different from the emission of heat by the heating device (10) in at least one other region (22) of the at least one from among the first electrode layer (13), the second electrode layer (14), and said at least one part (15′) of the heating layer (15); and/or —an emission of heat by the heating device (10) at the first electrode layer (13) that is different from the emission of heat by the heating device (10) at the second electrode layer (14).

The invention relates to a method for treating a food product by non-conventional resistive heating using. contact with spaced-apart electrically conductive electrodes connected to a power source that regulates current to the electrodes by pausing heating of the food product to a predetermined temperature. The electrodes are configured into two groups at a first distance from one another. Each electrode group has individual electrodes, similar to a comb-like set of needles, wherein neighboring needles of each group are at a second distance from one another that is greater than or equal to the first distance. Each set of needles penetrates the food product such that points of the needles leave penetration points, wherein the food product is accommodated in a space between two conveyor belts and the individual electrodes extend from at least one of the conveyor belts in the direction of the opposite conveyor belt.

An electrostatic chuck is formed by depositing a diffuser layer onto an electrostatic puck and removing areas of the diffuser layer to form discrete diffuser segments separated by gaps. The discrete diffuser segments may define continuous concentric rings, discontinuous concentric rings, or a combination of continuous concentric rings and discontinuous concentric rings. The discrete diffuser segments are separated from each other by forming at least one trench in the diffuser layer. The trench may extend partially through the diffuser layer, completely through the diffuser layer to the electrostatic puck, or have a first portion that extends partially through the diffuser layer and a second portion that extends completely through the diffuser layer. Also, the trench can have a constant width or have a variable width.