An atomization component includes: a matrix; and a heating film. The matrix includes an atomization surface. The heating film is arranged on the atomization surface, and when energized, heats and atomizes an aerosol-generating substrate on the atomization surface. The heating film includes a metal heating layer and an inorganic protection layer that are stacked, the inorganic protection layer being arranged on a surface of the metal heating layer that is away from the matrix. The metal heating layer includes at least two sub-metal layers that are sequentially stacked. Any two adjacent sub-metal layers have different components.

An atomization component includes: a matrix; and a heating film. The matrix includes an atomization surface. The heating film is arranged on the atomization surface, and when energized, heats and atomizes an aerosol-generating substrate on the atomization surface. The heating film includes a metal heating layer and an inorganic protection layer that are stacked, the inorganic protection layer being arranged on a surface of the metal heating layer that is away from the matrix. The metal heating layer includes at least two sub-metal layers that are sequentially stacked. Any two adjacent sub-metal layers have different components.

The invention relates to a fluid container for a motor vehicle, having a container wall that bounds a storage volume for storing liquid with respect to an environment, a heating element that is arranged in the storage volume, and a housing, wherein the housing encloses the heating element in a liquid-tight manner with respect to the supply volume.

The invention relates to a fluid container for a motor vehicle, having a container wall that bounds a storage volume for storing liquid with respect to an environment, a heating element that is arranged in the storage volume, and a housing, wherein the housing encloses the heating element in a liquid-tight manner with respect to the supply volume.

A sensor device includes an emitter configured to emit radiation a detector configured to detect radiation reflected from an object and a cover having an interior surface facing the emitter or detector and allowing the radiation to pass through the cover. The sensor device also includes a heater with a wire-like trace directly deposited on the interior surface of the cover formed of a fluid comprising an electrically conductive material that was deposited onto a portion of the cover and cured. The heater has an electrically conductive connector pad formed with the heater by directly depositing and curing the fluid comprising the electrically conductive material directly on the interior surface of the cover simultaneously with forming the heater. The heater is positioned and arranged to sufficiently heat the cover while not blocking an area through which radiation must pass for proper operation of the emitter and the detector.

A sensor device includes an emitter configured to emit radiation a detector configured to detect radiation reflected from an object and a cover having an interior surface facing the emitter or detector and allowing the radiation to pass through the cover. The sensor device also includes a heater with a wire-like trace directly deposited on the interior surface of the cover formed of a fluid comprising an electrically conductive material that was deposited onto a portion of the cover and cured. The heater has an electrically conductive connector pad formed with the heater by directly depositing and curing the fluid comprising the electrically conductive material directly on the interior surface of the cover simultaneously with forming the heater. The heater is positioned and arranged to sufficiently heat the cover while not blocking an area through which radiation must pass for proper operation of the emitter and the detector.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A heating system includes at least one electric heater disposed within a fluid flow system and a control device that is configured to determine a temperature of the at least one electric heater based on a model, at least one fluid flow system input, and at least one heater input. The at least one heater input includes at least one physical characteristic of the heating system, the at least one physical characteristic includes at least one of a resistance wire diameter, a heater insulation thickness, a heater sheath thickness, a conductivity, a specific heat and density of the material of the heater, an emissivity of the heater and the fluid flow pathway, and combinations thereof. The control device is configured to provide power to the at least one electric heater based on the temperature of the at least one electric heater.

A heating assembly, an atomizer and an electronic atomizing device are disclosed. The heating assembly includes a chassis and a heating component. The chassis may include a first wall having a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, the first wall defining an air vent extending through the bottom surface, an air entering plate being connected with the first wall and covering the air vent, the air entering plate defining at least one air entering hole communicating with the installation space and the air vent, wherein the first wall and the second wall define the installation space. A heating component may be disposed in the installation space, a length of the at least one air vent is greater than that of the air entering hole in a direction from the bottom surface to the top surface.

A heating assembly, an atomizer and an electronic atomizing device are disclosed. The heating assembly includes a chassis and a heating component. The chassis may include a first wall having a top surface and a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, the first wall defining an air vent extending through the bottom surface, an air entering plate being connected with the first wall and covering the air vent, the air entering plate defining at least one air entering hole communicating with the installation space and the air vent, wherein the first wall and the second wall define the installation space. A heating component may be disposed in the installation space, a length of the at least one air vent is greater than that of the air entering hole in a direction from the bottom surface to the top surface.