A heating furnace includes a bolt inserted through an insertion hole in a part of a heater and further inserted into a hole on a tip surface of an electrode rod. A first washer is between a bearing surface of the bolt and one face of the heater. A second washer is between another face of the heater and the tip surface. The relation of: |L.sub.0.Math.α.sub.0−(T.sub.H.Math.α.sub.H+T.sub.B.Math.α.sub.B+T.sub.E.Math.α.sub.E)|.Math.ΔT≦0.15(T.sub.B+T.sub.E) is satisfied, where L.sub.0 is an interval between the bearing surface and the tip surface, α.sub.0 is a linear expansion coefficient (LEC) of the bolt, T.sub.H, T.sub.B and T.sub.E are thicknesses of the part, first and second washers and α.sub.H, α.sub.B and α.sub.E are their LECs, respectively, and ΔT is a temperature increment quantity of a part where the heater and the electrode rod are fastened by the bolt.

A toaster oven includes a housing having an internal heating compartment, at least one heating element within the internal heating compartment, a vent associated with at least one wall of the internal heating compartment, the vent being moveable between an open position where air is permitted to pass into the internal heating compartment through the vent, and a closed position where passage of air into the internal heating compartment through the vent is inhibited. The vent is configured to move from the closed position to the open position in response to a biasing force exerted by a food support tray received within the internal heating compartment.

A heating device for an electric cooktop has at least one long heating conductor, one support body on the top side of which the heating conductor is arranged and fitted, and one supporting means for the support body. The heating conductor is designed as a corrugated flat strip which has, on its bottom side, holding elements which are arranged at a distance from one another and integrally project downward and are pushed into the support body. The supporting means supports the support body, at least in its outer region along an outer edge, at the bottom. The support body consists, as a thin plate, of compressed and adhesively bonded mica material, for example micanite, and is therefore electrically insulating and sufficiently stable.

Provided is a maintenance method of a heat treatment apparatus including a chamber having a box shape and provided with a heater and a receiving member that supports a cassette having a box shape including a space in which a workpiece is supported. The maintenance method includes: attaching a loading/unloading jig including a roller on an upper portion and capable of moving the roller upward and downward, to the receiving member; transmitting the cassette supported by the receiving member onto the roller by raising the loading/unloading jig; unloading the cassette to an outside of the chamber by moving the cassette on the roller; loading the cassette into the chamber by moving the cassette on the roller; transmitting the cassette to the receiving member by lowering the loading/unloading jig; and detaching the loading/unloading jig from the receiving member.

A device having: an article having a flat surface and a lower surface opposed to the flat surface; a cavity formed in the lower surface forming a complete loop surrounding a central portion of the article; a heating element having the same shape as the complete loop in the cavity and positioned to warm a portion of the flat surface adjacent to the heating element when the heating element is activated; a cooling device positioned to cool a portion of the flat surface in the central portion; and a release layer on the flat surface. A device having: an article having an upper surface; a heating element on the upper surface forming a complete loop surrounding a central portion of the article; and an electrically insulating material on the upper surface within the central portion.

A device having: an article having a flat surface and a lower surface opposed to the flat surface; a cavity formed in the lower surface forming a complete loop surrounding a central portion of the article; a heating element having the same shape as the complete loop in the cavity and positioned to warm a portion of the flat surface adjacent to the heating element when the heating element is activated; a cooling device positioned to cool a portion of the flat surface in the central portion; and a release layer on the flat surface. A device having: an article having an upper surface; a heating element on the upper surface forming a complete loop surrounding a central portion of the article; and an electrically insulating material on the upper surface within the central portion.

A device for melting adhesive having a melting grill that has a multiplicity of passage openings, and heating elements, wherein the melting grill is heatable by the heating elements and melted adhesive heated by the hot melting grill is dischargeable through the passage openings, the melting grill on that side thereof that faces the adhesive to be melted having ribs. The melting grill has rotatable rods that are disposed beside one another and ribs that are disposed on the rods, the rods and the ribs being heatable by the heating elements, wherein ribs of adjacent rods are aligned so as to be directed toward one another, and the passage cross sections of the passage openings between the rods are modifiable by rotating rods of the melting grill. The device enables varied forms of delivery of solid adhesive to be melted at a high specific melting rate without the adhesive thereby being subjected to damage due to excessive thermal stress.

A device for melting adhesive having a melting grill that has a multiplicity of passage openings, and heating elements, wherein the melting grill is heatable by the heating elements and melted adhesive heated by the hot melting grill is dischargeable through the passage openings, the melting grill on that side thereof that faces the adhesive to be melted having ribs. The melting grill has rotatable rods that are disposed beside one another and ribs that are disposed on the rods, the rods and the ribs being heatable by the heating elements, wherein ribs of adjacent rods are aligned so as to be directed toward one another, and the passage cross sections of the passage openings between the rods are modifiable by rotating rods of the melting grill. The device enables varied forms of delivery of solid adhesive to be melted at a high specific melting rate without the adhesive thereby being subjected to damage due to excessive thermal stress.

A heater for melting glass includes: a heating member containing carbon (C) configured to emit heat rays upon power feeding; and a tubular member made of metal configured to have one end closed, and to house the heating member. The heating member includes a first heat generating part and a second heat generating part along an extending axis direction of the heater, and the first heat generating part is arranged at a position closer to the one end of the tubular member than is the second heat generating part. Denoting a unit-length resistance of the first heat generating part along the extending axis direction by X (Ω/m), and denoting a unit-length resistance of the second heat generating part by Y (Ω/m),

( 1/30)X<Y<(½)X  Formula (1)

is satisfied.

Provided are a heating sheet, a heating tube, and an electric appliance. The heating sheet includes a graphite sheet substrate. The graphite sheet substrate includes a heating region and a buffer region. The buffer region is located at two ends of the graphite sheet substrate. The heating region is connected to the buffer region, and located on a side of the buffer region facing away from the two ends. The heating region includes a hollow zone. A duty ratio of the buffer region is greater than a duty ratio of the heating region. The heating sheet has advantages of good impact resistance and strong anti-fracture performance.