Provided is an organic light-emitting element that is excited by an electromagnetic wave. The organic light-emitting element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode; an organic light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, where separation of charges occurs due to incidence of the electromagnetic wave; a hole transporting layer disposed between the first electrode and the organic light-emitting layer; and a charge block layer disposed between the second electrode and the organic light-emitting layer. The charge block layer has a LUMO level shallower than a LUMO level of organic light emitters included in the organic light-emitting layer.

Provided is an organic light-emitting element that is excited by an electromagnetic wave. The organic light-emitting element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to face the first electrode; an organic light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, where separation of charges occurs due to incidence of the electromagnetic wave; a hole transporting layer disposed between the first electrode and the organic light-emitting layer; and a charge block layer disposed between the second electrode and the organic light-emitting layer. The charge block layer has a LUMO level shallower than a LUMO level of organic light emitters included in the organic light-emitting layer.

A method of manufacturing a display device, including: a stacking step of stacking, on a glass substrate, a sacrificial resin layer, a metal layer, a transparent metal oxide layer, a base material resin layer, and a functional layer including at least one of a pixel circuit-constituting layer driving a plurality of pixels and a color filter layer, in this order; a radiating step of radiating a pulsed light of a xenon flash lamp to the metal layer through the glass substrate and the sacrificial resin layer; and a detaching step of reducing a force of adhesion between the sacrificial resin layer and the metal layer with the pulsed light radiated in the radiating step, and detaching the sacrificial resin layer from the metal layer.

A method of manufacturing a display device, including: a stacking step of stacking, on a glass substrate, a sacrificial resin layer, a metal layer, a transparent metal oxide layer, a base material resin layer, and a functional layer including at least one of a pixel circuit-constituting layer driving a plurality of pixels and a color filter layer, in this order; a radiating step of radiating a pulsed light of a xenon flash lamp to the metal layer through the glass substrate and the sacrificial resin layer; and a detaching step of reducing a force of adhesion between the sacrificial resin layer and the metal layer with the pulsed light radiated in the radiating step, and detaching the sacrificial resin layer from the metal layer.

Embodiments of the present invention include a lighting fixture(s), a computer program product and a computer-implemented method that include program code executed by a processor(s) that obtains a request to implement a specified lighting pattern in the lighting fixture(s). Each lighting fixture includes effect lighting communicatively coupled to the processor(s) and functional lighting (oriented to illuminate a surface below the lighting fixture) communicatively coupled to the processor(s). The program code identifies the specified lighting pattern in a memory communicatively coupled to the processor(s), which includes a sequence for illuminating a portion of the effect lighting elements. The processor(s) executes the specified lighting pattern in the lighting fixture(s).

Embodiments of the present invention include a lighting fixture(s), a computer program product and a computer-implemented method that include program code executed by a processor(s) that obtains a request to implement a specified lighting pattern in the lighting fixture(s). Each lighting fixture includes effect lighting communicatively coupled to the processor(s) and functional lighting (oriented to illuminate a surface below the lighting fixture) communicatively coupled to the processor(s). The program code identifies the specified lighting pattern in a memory communicatively coupled to the processor(s), which includes a sequence for illuminating a portion of the effect lighting elements. The processor(s) executes the specified lighting pattern in the lighting fixture(s).

A light emitting device includes pixel circuits arranged to form rows and columns and each including a light emitting element, signal lines each extending in a column direction and configured to supply a pixel signal to the pixel circuits, row selection lines each extending in a row direction and configured to supply a row selection signal to the pixel circuits, and column selection lines each extending in the column direction and configured to supply a column selection signal to the pixel circuits. At least one of the pixel circuits includes a light emission control circuit configured to allow the light emitting element of a pixel circuit indicated by the row selection signal and the column selection signal to emit light in a brightness according to the pixel signal that is being supplied to the pixel circuit.

A light emitting device includes pixel circuits arranged to form rows and columns and each including a light emitting element, signal lines each extending in a column direction and configured to supply a pixel signal to the pixel circuits, row selection lines each extending in a row direction and configured to supply a row selection signal to the pixel circuits, and column selection lines each extending in the column direction and configured to supply a column selection signal to the pixel circuits. At least one of the pixel circuits includes a light emission control circuit configured to allow the light emitting element of a pixel circuit indicated by the row selection signal and the column selection signal to emit light in a brightness according to the pixel signal that is being supplied to the pixel circuit.

An organic light-emitting diode comprising an organic layer sequence, a radiation exit area and an encapsulation. The organic layer sequence comprises at least one radiation-emitting region which generates electromagnetic radiation in the spectral range from infrared radiation to UV radiation during operation. The radiation exit area is structured, so that the electromagnetic radiation has a directional emission profile. The encapsulation forms a seal of the organic layer sequence against environmental influences.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an organic compound represented by following Formula:

##STR00001##

wherein each of X.sub.1 to X.sub.5 is independently selected from a carbon atom (C) or a nitrogen atom (N), and at least two or three of X.sub.1 to X.sub.5 are N, wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from a substituted or non-substituted aryl group or a substituted or non-substituted heteroaryl group, and “a” is an integer between zero (0) to 3, and wherein each of L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 is independently selected from a substituted or non-substituted arylene group or a substituted or non-substituted heteroarylene group, and “b” is zero (0) or 1. The present invention also provides an organic light emitting diode and an organic light emitting display device including the organic compound. The organic compound of the present invention is capable of reducing a driving voltage of an organic light emitting diode and improves a current efficiency and a lifetime of the organic light emitting diode and the organic light emitting display device including the same.