A particle accelerator comprising a waveguide comprising a series of acceleration cells. The series of acceleration cells comprise an input acceleration cell configured to accelerate a beam of electrons along the central axis of the cells. A source of electrons is configured to input a beam of electrons into the input acceleration cell and a magnet arrangement is configured to prevent electrons that have deviated from the beam of electrons from hitting the source of electrons.

An object of the present invention is to prevent disappearance of ions supplied to an accelerator. An eccentric trajectory type accelerator 1 includes a laser source 12 and a target 20 that emits ions by being irradiated with a laser beam emitted from the laser source 12. The eccentric trajectory type accelerator 1 includes a container 10 that forms a columnar space therein, an acceleration electrode structure that accelerates ions in a circumferential direction of the columnar space, and a main coil 38 that generates a magnetic field in an axial direction of the columnar space, and accelerates the ions emitted from the target 20. The target 20 is disposed at a position away from a central axis of the columnar space.

A system of electron irradiation includes an electron accelerator and an electron beam focusing device. The electron accelerator emits and accelerates a beam of electrons. The electron beam focusing device is located at a rear end of the electron irradiation and includes a beam restraining rail and 2n+1 sets of magnetic poles. The beam restraining rail forms a beam restraining channel through which the beam of electrons are to pass. The 2n+1 sets of magnetic poles are installed on the beam restraining rail and distributed at different locations of the beam restraining channel. An nth set of magnetic poles thereof are arranged for performing, on the beam of electrons, focusing in a first direction. An (n+1)th set of magnetic poles thereof are arranged for performing, on the beam of electrons, focusing in a second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The n is a positive integer.

A quadrupole accelerator includes a center member, a first side member, and a second side member. The center member includes a center outer frame part, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first side member includes a first side outer frame part, a first wall part and a third electrode. The second side member includes a second side outer frame part which extends from the second side outer frame part toward an outside, a second wall part and a fourth electrode. The center member is formed seamlessly. The first side member is formed seamlessly. The second side member is formed seamlessly. The first side outer frame is fixed to a first side of the center outer frame part by a first fixing member. The second side outer frame is fixed to a second side of the center outer frame part by a second fixing member.

The present disclosure relates to a magnet pole for an isochronous sector-focused cyclotron having hill and valley sectors alternatively distributed around a central axis, Z, each hill sector having an upper surface bounded by four edges: an upper peripheral edge, an upper central edge, a first and a second upper lateral edges. The upper peripheral edge of a hill sector may be an arc of circle whose center is offset with respect to the central axis, and whose radius, Rh, is not more than 85% of a distance, Lh, from the central axis to a midpoint of the upper peripheral edge. Furthermore, the midpoint may be equidistant to the first and second upper distal ends.

A beam transport assembly conveys a particle beam from a particle source to an irradiation nozzle, which rotates about a swivel axis at the horizontal input of the nozzle. A support can move horizontally in a plane perpendicular to the swivel axis. The beam transport assembly can change a path length of the particle beam so as to follow a vertical location of the swivel axis of the irradiation nozzle with respect to the support. A controller can coordinate the path length change of the particle beam, rotation of the irradiation nozzle about the swivel axis, and/or horizontal motion of the support to provide irradiation of a supported object from various angles in the plane perpendicular to the swivel axis while maintaining the irradiation nozzle at a constant distance from the supported object.

There is provided a cyclotron which accelerates a charged particle in an orbital trajectory to emit a charged particle beam. The cyclotron includes a magnetic pole that generates a magnetic field required for accelerating the charged particle, and a magnetic channel portion having a magnetic channel disposed on an outer peripheral portion of the orbital trajectory to guide the charged particle beam to an extraction trajectory and to focus the charged particle beam. The magnetic channel portion is attached to the magnetic pole.

A beam transport assembly conveys a particle beam from a particle source to an irradiation nozzle, which rotates about a swivel axis at the horizontal input of the nozzle. A support can move horizontally in a plane perpendicular to the swivel axis. The beam transport assembly can change a path length of the particle beam so as to follow a vertical location of the swivel axis of the irradiation nozzle with respect to the support. A controller can coordinate the path length change of the particle beam, rotation of the irradiation nozzle about the swivel axis, and/or horizontal motion of the support to provide irradiation of a supported object from various angles in the plane perpendicular to the swivel axis while maintaining the irradiation nozzle at a constant distance from the supported object.

Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to controlling beams for use in beam systems. An example method of controlling a travel path of a beam includes propagating a beam along a first path from an entry point of a dipole magnet through a non-gradient portion of the dipole magnet until the beam bends toward a first beam travel path of multiple beam travel paths of the dipole magnet. The example method further includes propagating the beam along the first beam travel path through a gradient portion of the dipole magnet to focus the beam for propagation to a downstream target. Embodiments further permit a compact beam system such that a series of magnets can be used to create a path that accommodates shielding to minimize the footprint of the beam system for facilities that may not otherwise support large systems due to space and safety constraints.

Magnetic lens having two or more distinct and separate, detachable assemblies, at least one of the detachable assemblies having a core about which a solenoid is wound so that the solenoid need not be wound or unwound when the assemblies are attached or de-attached.