A device for modulating the intensity of a charged particle beam emitted along an axis, comprises 4N consecutive deflection systems, with N=1 or 2, with the deflection systems being positioned along the axis of said particle beam, and being capable of deflecting the beam relative to the axis in the same direction, with alternating directions of deflection, for two consecutive systems, means for applying a force for deflecting the beam for each deflection system and for varying the applied force; two collimators each having a slot with an opening that increases in width from the center towards the periphery, located respectively between the first and second deflection systems and between the third and fourth deflection systems, with the opening of the slot of the first collimator facing towards one side of the emission axis of the beam, with the opening of the slot of the second collimator facing towards the opposite side of the emission axis of the beam.

A particle acceleration system includes an ion source that generates an ion, an accelerator that accelerates the ion, And a transporting unit that transports the ion from the ion source to the accelerator, in which an attachment angle and an attachment position of the ion source with respect to the transporting unit are able to be adjusted.

An accelerator 4 includes a circular vacuum container including circular return yokes 5A, 5B. An injection electrode 18 is disposed closer to an inlet of a beam extraction path 20 in the return yoke 5B than a central axis C of the vacuum container. Magnetic poles 7A to 7F are radially disposed from the injection electrode 18 at the periphery of the injection electrode 18 in the return yoke 5B. Recessions 29A to 29F are disposed alternately with the magnetic poles 7A to 7F in the circumferential direction of the return yoke 5B. In the vacuum container, a concentric trajectory region, in which multiple beam turning trajectories centered around the injection electrode 18 are present, is formed, and an eccentric trajectory region, in which multiple beam turning trajectories eccentric from the injection electrode 18 are present, is formed around the region.

A device for modulating the intensity of a charged particle beam emitted along an axis, comprises 4N consecutive deflection systems, with N=1 or 2, with the deflection systems being positioned along the axis of said particle beam, and being capable of deflecting the beam relative to the axis in the same direction, with alternating directions of deflection, for two consecutive systems, means for applying a force for deflecting the beam for each deflection system and for varying the applied force; two collimators each having a slot with an opening that increases in width from the center towards the periphery, located respectively between the first and second deflection systems and between the third and fourth deflection systems, with the opening of the slot of the first collimator facing towards one side of the emission axis of the beam, with the opening of the slot of the second collimator facing towards the opposite side of the emission axis of the beam.

A method for controlling a density distribution of electrons provided by an electron source for use in hard X-ray, soft X-ray and/or extreme ultraviolet generation, the method comprising generating a plurality of electrons from a pattern of ultracold excited atoms using an ionization laser inside a cavity, wherein the electrons have a density distribution determined by at least one of the patterns of excited atoms and the ionization laser, and accelerating the electrons out of the cavity using a non-static acceleration profile, wherein the acceleration profile controls the density distribution of the electrons as they exit the cavity.

An insertion device includes first and second magnet arrays facing each other with a gap therebetween, magnet supporting members adapted to support the magnet arrays mounted thereto, a gap driving mechanism for driving the first and second magnet supporting members in the vertical direction for changing the gap size, a driving conjunction mechanism for coupling the gap driving mechanism and the magnet supporting members to each other, compensation spring mechanisms adapted to compensate for attractive forces acting on the first and second magnet arrays, a spring conjunction mechanism for coupling the compensation spring mechanisms and the magnet supporting members to each other, a first supporting frame for supporting the gap driving mechanism, a second supporting frame for supporting the compensation spring mechanisms, and a common base placed on a placement surface, wherein the first supporting frame and the second supporting frame are individually coupled to the common base.

The invention comprises a multi-axis charged particle irradiation method and apparatus. The multi-axis controls includes separate or independent control of one or more of horizontal position, vertical position, energy control, and intensity control of the charged particle irradiation beam. Optionally, the charged particle beam is additionally controlled in terms of timing. Timing is coordinated with patient respiration and/or patient rotational positioning. Combined, the system allows multi-axis and multi-field charged particle irradiation of tumors yielding precise and accurate irradiation dosages to a tumor with distribution of harmful proximal distal energy about the tumor.

The invention, which relates to a miniaturizable plasma thruster, consists of: igniting the plasma by microhollow cathode discharge close to the outlet and inside the means for injecting the propellant gas, said injection means being magnetic and comprising a tip at the downstream end thereof; bringing the electrons of the magnetized plasma into gyromagnetic rotation, at the outlet end of said injection means; sustaining the plasma by means of Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR), said injection means being metal and being used as an antenna for electromagnetic (EM) emission, the volume of ECR plasma at the outlet of said injection means being used as a resonant cavity of the EM wave; accelerating the plasma in a magnetic nozzle by diamagnetic force, the ejected plasma being electrically neutral.

The invention comprises a multi-axis charged particle irradiation method and apparatus. The multi-axis controls includes separate or independent control of one or more of horizontal position, vertical position, energy control, and intensity control of the charged particle irradiation beam. Optionally, the charged particle beam is additionally controlled in terms of timing. Timing is coordinated with patient respiration and/or patient rotational positioning. Combined, the system allows multi-axis and multi-field charged particle irradiation of tumors yielding precise and accurate irradiation dosages to a tumor with distribution of harmful proximal distal energy about the tumor.

According to one embodiment, a particle beam accelerator comprising: a guiding unit configured to guide a particle beam to a trajectory; an acceleration unit configured to accelerate the particle beam circulating on the trajectory; a particle beam blocking unit configured to block the particle beam on the trajectory; and a control unit configured to control the guiding unit, the acceleration unit, and the particle beam blocking unit, wherein: the guiding unit includes a superconducting electromagnet and a superconducting electromagnet interrupter configured to interrupt the superconducting electromagnet, and the control unit is configured to interrupt the superconducting electromagnet by activating the superconducting electromagnet interrupter after completion of blocking the particle beam by activating the particle beam blocking unit, when an abnormality occurs in the superconducting electromagnet.