In a circular accelerator that applies a radiofrequency wave in a main magnetic field to accelerate charged particle beam while increasing an orbit radius, another radiofrequency wave with a frequency different from the radiofrequency wave used for acceleration is applied to the charged particle beam in order to extract the charged particle beam. Thereby, in the circular accelerator that accelerates charged particle beam while increasing an orbit radius by applying a radiofrequency wave in a main magnetic field, the high precision control on extraction of the charged particle beam from the circular accelerator is achieved.

A particle accelerator comprising a waveguide comprising a series of acceleration cells. The series of acceleration cells comprise an input acceleration cell configured to accelerate a beam of electrons along the central axis of the cells. A source of electrons is configured to input a beam of electrons into the input acceleration cell and a magnet arrangement is configured to prevent electrons that have deviated from the beam of electrons from hitting the source of electrons.

A particle accelerator comprising a waveguide comprising a series of acceleration cells. The series of acceleration cells comprise an input acceleration cell configured to accelerate a beam of electrons along the central axis of the cells. A source of electrons is configured to input a beam of electrons into the input acceleration cell and a magnet arrangement is configured to prevent electrons that have deviated from the beam of electrons from hitting the source of electrons.

An object of the present invention is to prevent disappearance of ions supplied to an accelerator. An eccentric trajectory type accelerator 1 includes a laser source 12 and a target 20 that emits ions by being irradiated with a laser beam emitted from the laser source 12. The eccentric trajectory type accelerator 1 includes a container 10 that forms a columnar space therein, an acceleration electrode structure that accelerates ions in a circumferential direction of the columnar space, and a main coil 38 that generates a magnetic field in an axial direction of the columnar space, and accelerates the ions emitted from the target 20. The target 20 is disposed at a position away from a central axis of the columnar space.

A system and method for injecting an electron beam to an accelerator are provided. The system may include a cathode, an anode, and a modulation electrode. The cathode, for generating the electron beam, may have a first electrical potential. The anode may have a second electrical potential. The modulation electrode, located between the cathode and the anode, may be configured to adjust at least one parameter of the electron beam. The at least one parameter of the electron beam may include at least one transverse parameter of the electron beam.

A system and method for injecting an electron beam to an accelerator are provided. The system may include a cathode, an anode, and a modulation electrode. The cathode, for generating the electron beam, may have a first electrical potential. The anode may have a second electrical potential. The modulation electrode, located between the cathode and the anode, may be configured to adjust at least one parameter of the electron beam. The at least one parameter of the electron beam may include at least one transverse parameter of the electron beam.

A low-erosion radio frequency ion source is disclosed having a hollow body with conductive interior walls that define a cylindrical cavity, with a gas supply inlet for plasma-forming gases and a power supply inlet for injecting radio frequency energy into the cavity; an expansion chamber connected to the cavity by means of a plasma outlet hole; an ion-extraction aperture in contact with the expansion chamber; coaxial conductor disposed in the cavity, parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, one or both ends of the coaxial conductor being in contact with a circular interior wall of the body, forming a coaxial resonant cavity; the coaxial conductor having a conductive protuberance opposite the plasma outlet hole and which extends radially into the cavity. It substantially reduces the erosion of the conductive materials.

A low-erosion radio frequency ion source is disclosed having a hollow body with conductive interior walls that define a cylindrical cavity, with a gas supply inlet for plasma-forming gases and a power supply inlet for injecting radio frequency energy into the cavity; an expansion chamber connected to the cavity by means of a plasma outlet hole; an ion-extraction aperture in contact with the expansion chamber; coaxial conductor disposed in the cavity, parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof, one or both ends of the coaxial conductor being in contact with a circular interior wall of the body, forming a coaxial resonant cavity; the coaxial conductor having a conductive protuberance opposite the plasma outlet hole and which extends radially into the cavity. It substantially reduces the erosion of the conductive materials.

Technology is described for an electron gun driver including a half bridge driver circuit and a drive controller. The half bridge driver circuit includes a drive circuit configured to generate a grid drive voltage for a grid connection of an electron gun, and a cutoff circuit configured to generate a grid cutoff voltage for the grid connection of the electron gun, and a gate driver configured to switch between the grid drive voltage and the grid cutoff voltage. The drive controller is configured to generate a pulse input to the drive circuit and cutoff circuit and grid switching signals for the gate driver.

An anti-breakdown ion source discharge apparatus includes a discharge chamber, a coil support, an upper insulation fixing block, a discharge component and an ion source chamber. The discharge component includes a radio-frequency coil, a lower conductive connector and an upper conductive connector. The radio-frequency coil is fixed on a coil support base; the coil support base is clamped on an inner wall of the bottom of the ion source base; the coil support is along the circumference of the coil support base; the radio-frequency coil passes through the coil support; the upper conductive connector passes by the radio-frequency coil and the coil support base from the outside of the radio-frequency coil and extends into the bottom of the discharge chamber; and the upper insulation fixing block is sleeved over the upper conductive connector and is fixed on the inner wall of the bottom of the ion source chamber.