Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

Examples of a jet control device are described. The jet control device can comprise a jet deflecting member that is configured to intercept and/or collide with a high speed jet emerging from a jet formation location. The interaction of the jet deflecting member and the jet can cause the high speed jet to be dispersed into a plurality of jets with a number of flow directions which may be sideways to an initial direction of the high speed jet. In one embodiment the deflecting member can include a liquid guide formed by injecting a fluid out of an outlet nozzle so that the liquid guide extends longitudinally away from the outlet nozzle. In another embodiment the deflecting member can include an array of solid pellets injected through an outlet in a direction of the emerging high speed jet and configured to collide with the emerging jet thereby deflecting its initial direction.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

A flexible polymeric tube comprising: an outer tubular wall layer comprised of a thermoplastic propylene-based elastomer (PBE) material, and, an innermost tubular layer comprised of a thermoplastic ethylene-based olefinic material.

A fusion-power generation method includes co-circulating a first and a second charged-particle beam on a same orbit of a synchrotron. The method also includes, at completion of every M.sup.th turn of the first charged-particle beam in the synchrotron, traversing the first charged-particle beam with the second charged-particle beam during an N.sup.th turn of the second charged-particle beam. The method may include applying a radial electric field and a transverse magnetic field to each of the first the second charged-particle beam, such that each of quantities q.sub.1r.sub.0e (E.sub.0/v.sub.1+B.sub.0)/p.sub.1 and q.sub.2r.sub.0e(E.sub.0/v.sub.2+B.sub.0)/p.sub.2 equals one, where (i) q.sub.1, v.sub.1, and p.sub.1 are the charge, velocity, and momentum of each charged particle of the first charged-particle beam, respectively, (ii) q.sub.2, v.sub.2, and p.sub.2 are the charge, velocity, and momentum of each charged particle of the second changed-particle beam, respectively, and (iii) E.sub.0 and B.sub.0 are magnitudes of the applied electric field and magnetic field.

A solid or liquid fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at leas; one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical feel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the feel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system such as a railgun shot injector, (iv) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to torn! a brilliant-light emitting plasma, (v) a product recovery system such as at least one of an augmented plasma railgun recovery system and a gravity recovery system (vi) a fuel pelletizer or shot maker comprising a s me Her. a source or hydrogen and a source of H.sub.2O, a dripper and a water bath to form fuel pellets or shot, and an agitator to teed shot into the injector, and (vii) a power converter capable of converting the high-power light output of the cell into electricity such as a concentrated solar power device comprising a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) photoelectric cells or a plurality of photoelectric cells, and a UV window.

An ion collision A fusion power generation method includes co-circulating a first and a second charged-particle beam on a same orbit of a synchrotron. The method also includes, at completion of every M.sup.th turn of the first charged-particle beam in the synchrotron, traversing the first charged-particle beam with the second charged-particle beam during an N.sup.th turn of the second charged-particle beam. The method may include applying a radial electric field and a transverse magnetic field to each of the first the second charged-particle beam, such that each of quantities q.sub.1r.sub.0e(E.sub.0/v.sub.1+B.sub.0)/p.sub.1 and q.sub.2r.sub.0e(E.sub.0/v.sub.2+B.sub.0)/p.sub.2 equals one, where (i) q.sub.1, v.sub.1, and p.sub.1 are the charge, velocity, and momentum of each charged particle of the first charged-particle beam, respectively, (ii) q.sub.2, v.sub.2, and p.sub.2 are the charge, velocity, and momentum of each charged particle of the second changed-particle beam, respectively, and (iii) E.sub.0 and B.sub.0 are magnitudes of the applied electric field and magnetic field.

A solid or liquid fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system such as a railgun shot injector, (iv) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to form a brilliant-light emitting plasma, (v) a product recovery system such as at least one of an augmented plasma railgun recovery system and a gravity recovery system, (vi) a fuel pelletizer or shot maker comprising a smelter, a source or hydrogen and a source of H.sub.2O, a dripper and a water bath to form fuel pellets or shot, and an agitator to feed shot into the injector, and (vii) a power converter capable of converting the high-power light output of the cell into electricity such as a concentrated solar power device comprising a plurality of ultraviolet (UV) photoelectric cells or a plurality of photoelectric cells, and a UV window.