Cyclotron for accelerating charged particles around an axis, comprising an electromagnet with an upper pole and a lower pole, producing a magnetic field in the direction of said axis; a Dee electrode assembly and a counter Dee electrode assembly separated from each other by a gap for accelerating said charged particles and a pair of ion sources located in a central region of the cyclotron. Said ion sources are located at a distance of said axis such that the particles emitted from the first ion source pass between said first and second ion sources after a path of half a turn, and radially outwards of the second ion source after a path of three half-turns, and reciprocally.

Provided is a technique by which each nuclide is optimized in terms of energy and number of particles and pre-accelerated so as to be injected into a main accelerator in charged particle beam irradiation by the combined use of different nuclides.

A charged particle beam injector includes: a first ion source that generates first nuclide ions; a first linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated first nuclide ions to form a first charged particle beam; a second ion source that generates second nuclide ions; a second linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated second nuclide ions to form a second charged particle beam; and a switching electromagnet that injects one of the first charged particle beam and the second charged particle beam into an inflector of a main accelerator.

Provided is a technique by which each nuclide is optimized in terms of energy and number of particles and pre-accelerated so as to be injected into a main accelerator in charged particle beam irradiation by the combined use of different nuclides.

A charged particle beam injector includes: a first ion source that generates first nuclide ions; a first linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated first nuclide ions to form a first charged particle beam; a second ion source that generates second nuclide ions; a second linear accelerator that linearly accelerates the generated second nuclide ions to form a second charged particle beam; and a switching electromagnet that injects one of the first charged particle beam and the second charged particle beam into an inflector of a main accelerator.

One or more examples relate, generally, to an apparatus. The apparatus includes a charged particle source and a charged particle pointer. The charged particle pointer urges charged particles emitted by the charged particle source in a predetermined direction. The charged particle pointer comprises a repeller, and an isolator positioned along a path extending from the repeller in the predetermined direction.

Embodiments of the disclosed system and method provide for generating a multiple-energy X-ray pulse. A beam of electrons is generated with an electron gun and modulated prior to injection into an accelerating structure to achieve at least a first and second specified beam current amplitude over the course of respective beam current temporal profiles. A radio frequency field is applied to the accelerating structure with a specified RF field amplitude and a specified RF temporal profile. The first and second specified beam current amplitudes are injected serially, each after a specified delay, in such a manner as to achieve at least two distinct energies of electrons accelerated within the accelerating structure during a course of a single RF-pulse. The beam of electrons is accelerated by the radio frequency field within the accelerating structure to produce accelerated electrons which impinge upon a target for generating Bremsstrahlung X-rays.

Embodiments of the disclosed system and method provide for generating a multiple-energy X-ray pulse. A beam of electrons is generated with an electron gun and modulated prior to injection into an accelerating structure to achieve at least a first and second specified beam current amplitude over the course of respective beam current temporal profiles. A radio frequency field is applied to the accelerating structure with a specified RF field amplitude and a specified RF temporal profile. The first and second specified beam current amplitudes are injected serially, each after a specified delay, in such a manner as to achieve at least two distinct energies of electrons accelerated within the accelerating structure during a course of a single RF-pulse. The beam of electrons is accelerated by the radio frequency field within the accelerating structure to produce accelerated electrons which impinge upon a target for generating Bremsstrahlung X-rays.

An accelerator 4 includes a circular vacuum container including circular return yokes 5A, 5B. An injection electrode 18 is disposed closer to an inlet of a beam extraction path 20 in the return yoke 5B than a central axis C of the vacuum container. Magnetic poles 7A to 7F are radially disposed from the injection electrode 18 at the periphery of the injection electrode 18 in the return yoke 5B. Recessions 29A to 29F are disposed alternately with the magnetic poles 7A to 7F in the circumferential direction of the return yoke 5B. In the vacuum container, a concentric trajectory region, in which multiple beam turning trajectories centered around the injection electrode 18 are present, is formed, and an eccentric trajectory region, in which multiple beam turning trajectories eccentric from the injection electrode 18 are present, is formed around the region.

An accelerator 4 includes a circular vacuum container including circular return yokes 5A, 5B. An injection electrode 18 is disposed closer to an inlet of a beam extraction path 20 in the return yoke 5B than a central axis C of the vacuum container. Magnetic poles 7A to 7F are radially disposed from the injection electrode 18 at the periphery of the injection electrode 18 in the return yoke 5B. Recessions 29A to 29F are disposed alternately with the magnetic poles 7A to 7F in the circumferential direction of the return yoke 5B. In the vacuum container, a concentric trajectory region, in which multiple beam turning trajectories centered around the injection electrode 18 are present, is formed, and an eccentric trajectory region, in which multiple beam turning trajectories eccentric from the injection electrode 18 are present, is formed around the region.

The accelerator includes a circular vacuum container which contains a circular return yoke. With respect to the central axis of the vacuum container, an incidence electrode is arranged towards the entrance of a beam emission path inside of the return yoke. Inside of the return yoke, electrodes are arranged radially from the incidence electrode in the periphery of the incidence electrode. Recesses are arranged alternately with the electrodes in the circumferential direction of the return yoke. In the vacuum container, an orbit-concentric region is formed in which multiple beam orbits centered on the incidence electrode are present, and, in the periphery of said region, an orbit-eccentric area is formed in which multiple beam orbits eccentric to the incidence electrode are present. In the orbit-eccentric region, the beam orbits between the incidence electrode and the entrance to the beam emission path are denser.

Provided are a plurality of embodiments, including, but not limited to, a device for generating efficient low and high average power output Gamma Rays via relativistic particle bombardment of element targets using an efficient particle injector and accelerator at low and high average power levels suitable for element transmutation and power generation with an option for efficient remediation of radioisotope release into any environment. The devices utilize diamond or diamond-like carbon materials and active cooling for improved performance.