A display apparatus having high external light transmittance and a manufacturing method of the display apparatus are provided, wherein the display apparatus does not substantially include a common electrode in a transmission region. Particularly, a display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a display unit interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

An organic light emitting display device is provided. The organic light emitting display device includes at least two or more light emitting parts between an anode and a cathode and each having a light emitting layer. At least one of the at least two or more light emitting parts includes an organic layer. The organic layer is formed of a compound comprising a functional group that reacts with alkali metals or alkali earth metals and a functional group with electron transport properties.

A display apparatus includes a substrate, a pixel layer arranged over the substrate and including a plurality of display elements, an encapsulation member sealing the pixel layer, and a refractive layer arranged on the encapsulation layer and including a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer. The first refractive layer includes openings that correspond to the plurality of display elements, and the second refractive layer includes high refractive particles. The second refractive layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer includes the high refractive particles dispersed in a first concentration, and the second layer includes the high refractive particles dispersed in a second concentration different from the first concentration.

A display panel including a power supplying auxiliary electrode above the substrate in at least one gap among gaps between pixel electrodes in row and column directions, not in contact with the pixel electrodes, extending in the row and/or column direction. An intermediate layer is on or above light-emitting layers and the auxiliary electrode, and includes a fluoride of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. A functional layer is on or above the intermediate layer, and includes an organic material that facilitates electron transport and/or facilitates electron injection and a rare earth metal dopant. A counter electrode is on or above the functional layer. Further, 1≤x≤3, 20≤y≤40, and y≥10x+10, where x is film thickness of the intermediate layer in nanometers, and y is percentage by weight of the rare earth metal dopant in the functional layer.

Provided is a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency. The light-emitting element includes a first organic compound, a second organic compound, and a guest material. The LUMO level of the first organic compound is lower than that of the second organic compound, and the HOMO level of the first organic compound is lower than that of the second organic compound. The LUMO level of a guest material is higher than that of the first organic compound, and the HOMO level of the guest material is lower than that of the second organic compound. The guest material has a function of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. The first organic compound and the second organic compound form an exciplex.

A display apparatus having high external light transmittance and a manufacturing method of the display apparatus are provided, wherein the display apparatus does not substantially include a common electrode in a transmission region. Particularly, a display apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a display unit interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

A display apparatus includes a substrate, a pixel layer arranged over the substrate and including a plurality of display elements, an encapsulation member sealing the pixel layer, and a refractive layer arranged on the encapsulation layer and including a first refractive layer and a second refractive layer. The first refractive layer includes openings that correspond to the plurality of display elements, and the second refractive layer includes high refractive particles. The second refractive layer includes a first layer and a second layer, the first layer includes the high refractive particles dispersed in a first concentration, and the second layer includes the high refractive particles dispersed in a second concentration different from the first concentration.

An light-emitting apparatus and a method for producing a light-emitting apparatus are disclosed. In an embodiment, the apparatus includes at least one organic device and an outcoupling layer, wherein the at least one organic device emits electromagnetic radiation during operation, wherein the outcoupling layer contains optical structures, and wherein the apparatus has a non-Lambertian radiation distribution curve during operation. The outcoupling layer influences the radiation passing through it in an optically varying manner by the optical structures along a lateral direction in order to produce the non-Lambertian radiation distribution curve.

An organic light emitting element is disclosed. The organic light emitting element includes: a first electrode; a multi-sub-layered organic emission layer on the first electrode; a second electrode on the multi-sub-layered organic emission layer; and a blend barrier layer between two sub-layers of the multi-sub-layered organic emission layer, which are adjacent to each other and includes first solvents, and configured to include a second solvent having an opposite polarity to that of the first solvent. Such an organic light emitting element can have enhanced light emission efficiency and extended life span.

Provided are an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light emitting body having a gradient structure, a method of producing the same, and a light emitting element using the same. The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light emitting body having a gradient structure includes an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystal which is dispersible in an organic solvent, wherein the nanocrystal has a gradient composition in which a composition is changed from the center thereof to the outside. Therefore, the gradual change in the content in the nanocrystal may be used to uniformly adjust a fraction in the nanocrystal, to reduce surface oxidation, and to improve exciton confinement in the perovskite present in large quantities inside the nanocrystal, and thus light emission efficiency may be improved and durability and stability may be increased.