Disclosed is a tandem solar cell according to an aspect including: a silicon lower cell; a perovskite upper cell disposed on the silicon lower cell; and a bonding layer for bonding the silicon lower cell and the perovskite upper cell between the silicon lower cell and the perovskite upper cell, wherein the front surface portion of the silicon lower cell being in contact with the bonding layer includes a texture structure, the bonding layer includes a first transparent electrode layer formed on the sidewall of the texture structure, a buried layer filling concave portions of the texture structure on the first transparent electrode layer, and a second transparent electrode layer on top surfaces of the buried layer, the first transparent electrode layer and the texture structure.

Provided are a solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a first passivation layer and a first electrode layer that are located on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a second passivation layer and a second electrode layer that are located on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. A donor material film layer is provided between the first passivation layer and the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and/or an acceptor material film layer is provided between the second passivation layer and the second surface of the semiconductor substrate.

The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

A photoelectric device includes a first photoelectric conversion layer including a heterojunction that includes a first p-type semiconductor and a first n-type semiconductor, a second photoelectric conversion layer on the first photoelectric conversion layer and including a heterojunction that includes a second p-type semiconductor and a second n-type semiconductor. A peak absorption wavelength (λ.sub.max1) of the first photoelectric conversion layer and a peak absorption wavelength (λ.sub.max2) of the second photoelectric conversion layer are included in a common wavelength spectrum of light that is one wavelength spectrum of light of a red wavelength spectrum of light, a green wavelength spectrum of light, a blue wavelength spectrum of light, a near infrared wavelength spectrum of light, or an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum of light, and a light-absorption full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the second photoelectric conversion layer is narrower than an FWHM of the first photoelectric conversion layer.

A photoelectric device includes a first photoelectric conversion layer including a heterojunction that includes a first p-type semiconductor and a first n-type semiconductor, a second photoelectric conversion layer on the first photoelectric conversion layer and including a heterojunction that includes a second p-type semiconductor and a second n-type semiconductor. A peak absorption wavelength (λ.sub.max1) of the first photoelectric conversion layer and a peak absorption wavelength (λ.sub.max2) of the second photoelectric conversion layer are included in a common wavelength spectrum of light that is one wavelength spectrum of light of a red wavelength spectrum of light, a green wavelength spectrum of light, a blue wavelength spectrum of light, a near infrared wavelength spectrum of light, or an ultraviolet wavelength spectrum of light, and a light-absorption full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the second photoelectric conversion layer is narrower than an FWHM of the first photoelectric conversion layer.

The present invention relates to a polymer, an organic solar cell comprising the polymer, and a perovskite solar cell comprising the polymer. The polymer according to the present invention has excellent absorption ability for visible light and an energy level suitable for the use as an electron donor compound in a photo-active layer of the organic solar cell, thereby increasing the light conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. In addition, the polymer according to the present invention has high hole mobility, and is used as a compound for a hole transport layer, and thus can improve efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell without an additive.

A photoelectric conversion element comprises: a photoelectric conversion layer; a first compound layer including a first supporting member and a first compound, the first compound being supported by the first supporting member, being not in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer, and being liquid or gelatinous in an environment to use the element; and a second compound layer including a second supporting member and a second compound, the second compound being supported by the second supporting member, being not in contact with the photoelectric conversion layer and the first compound, and being liquid or gelatinous in the environment.

The present invention provides a light absorption layer for forming a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell excellent in photoelectric conversion efficiency, a photoelectric conversion element and a solar cell having the light absorption layer, and a method for manufacturing a light absorption layer having few voids. The light absorption layer of the present invention contains a perovskite compound and a quantum dot containing an aliphatic amino acid.

Embodiments include photoactive regions of organic photovoltaic cells including an n-type dopant or a mixture of n-type dopants, one or more electron donor materials, and one or more electron acceptor materials. Embodiments further include n-type dopants, photoactive regions of organic photovoltaics comprising n-type dopants, methods of preparing photoactive regions comprising n-type dopants, organic photovoltaics comprising n-type doped photoactive regions, and the like.

Methods of passivating surfaces, composite materials, and electronic devices including the composite materials. The composite materials can include a passivated film, such as a metal halide perovskite passivated with an organic dye. The electronic devices may include solar cells.