A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a donor semiconductor material and an acceptor semiconductor material, and a first charge blocking layer positioned between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. The first charge blocking layer includes a first material and a second material having an energy band gap narrower than that of the first material. The electron affinity of the first material is lower than that of the second material, and the ionization potential of the first material is higher than that of the second material.

An organic EL device is provided, including at least an anode, a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode in this order, wherein the hole transport layer contains an arylamine compound represented by the following formula (1), wherein Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.8 and n1 are defined in the specification, and the electron transport layer contains a compound having a benzoazole ring structure represented by the following formula (2), wherein Ar.sub.9, Ar.sub.10, X, Y.sub.1, Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 are defined in the specification. ##STR00001## ##STR00002##

An imaging device includes pixels. Each of the pixels includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer that is located between the first electrode and the second electrode, that contains a donor semiconductor material and an acceptor semiconductor material, and that generates a pair of an electron and a hole, a first charge blocking layer located between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, a second charge blocking layer located between the second electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, and a charge storage region that is electrically connected to the second electrode and that stores the hole. The difference between the electron affinity of the acceptor semiconductor material and the electron affinity of the first charge blocking layer is larger than the difference between the ionization potential of the donor semiconductor material and the ionization potential of the second charge blocking layer.

An image sensor pixel includes a substrate having a pixel electrode on a light receiving surface thereof, and a photoelectric conversion layer including a perovskite material, on the pixel electrode. A transparent electrode is provided on the photoelectric conversion layer, and a vertical electrode is provided, which is electrically connected to the pixel electrode and extends at least partially through the substrate. The photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite layer, a first blocking layer extending between the pixel electrode and the perovskite layer, and a second blocking layer extending between the transparent electrode and the perovskite layer. The perovskite material may have a material structure of ABX.sub.3, A.sub.2BX.sub.4, A.sub.3BX.sub.5, A.sub.4BX.sub.6, ABX.sub.4, or A.sub.n−1B.sub.nX.sub.3n+1, where: n is a positive integer in a range from 2 to 6; A includes at least one material selected from a group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr; B includes at least one material selected from a divalent transition metal, a rare earth metal, an alkaline earth metal, Ga, In, Al, Sb, Bi, and Po; and X includes at least one material selected from Cl, Br, and I.

An organometallic compound is represented by Formula 1. A light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, and at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. An electronic apparatus includes the light-emitting device.

The present disclosure provides an organic compound represented by general formula [1] below. ##STR00001## In formula [1], Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a heteroaromatic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms. Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 may be the same or different. Ar.sub.3 and Ar.sub.4 are each a substituent having a carbazolyl group. Ar.sub.3 and Ar.sub.4 may be the same or different. Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 may be substituted. At least one of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 has a tert-butyl group. The total number of tert-butyl groups in one molecule of the organic compound is 2 or more.

A photoelectric conversion device includes a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other, a photoelectric conversion layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and configured to absorb light in at least one part of a wavelength spectrum of light and to convert it into an electric signal, and an organic auxiliary layer between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer and having a higher charge mobility than a charge mobility of the photoelectric conversion layer. An organic sensor may include the photoelectric conversion device. An electronic device may include the organic sensor.

Provided is a solar cell module including photoelectric conversion elements, wherein each of the photoelectric conversion elements includes a first substrate, and a first electrode, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, a second electrode, and a second substrate on the first substrate, and a sealing member between the first substrate and the second substrate, and wherein, within at least two of the photoelectric conversion elements adjacent to each other, the hole-blocking layers are not extended to each other but the hole transport layers are in a state of a continuous layer where the hole transport layers are extended to each other.

A method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element includes providing a base structure including a semiconductor substrate having a principal surface, a first electrode located on or above the principal surface, second electrodes which are located on or above the principal surface and which are one- or two-dimensionally arranged, and a photoelectric conversion film covering at least the second electrodes; forming a mask layer on the photoelectric conversion film, the mask layer being conductive and including a covering section covering a portion of the photoelectric conversion film that overlaps the second electrodes in plan view; and partially removing the photoelectric conversion film by immersing the base structure and the mask layer in an etchant.

An organic electroluminescent material and a device thereof are disclosed. The organic electroluminescent material uses a compound having a novel carbazole structure, and can be used as hole blocking material, host material in an electroluminescent device. These novel compounds can provide better device performance, such as obtaining device performance of very low driving-voltage, high efficiency, and long lifetime.