Provided is a light-emitting diode and a method for preparing the same. The light-emitting diode includes an anode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode stacked in sequence, in which the perovskite light-emitting layer includes a first sublayer and a second sublayer stacked in sequence, with a material for forming the first sublayer including an inorganic perovskite material, and with a material for forming the second sublayer being an organic perovskite material.

Provided are a solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; a first passivation layer and a first electrode layer that are located on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a second passivation layer and a second electrode layer that are located on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate. A donor material film layer is provided between the first passivation layer and the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and/or an acceptor material film layer is provided between the second passivation layer and the second surface of the semiconductor substrate.

An image sensor pixel includes a substrate having a pixel electrode on a light receiving surface thereof, and a photoelectric conversion layer including a perovskite material, on the pixel electrode. A transparent electrode is provided on the photoelectric conversion layer, and a vertical electrode is provided, which is electrically connected to the pixel electrode and extends at least partially through the substrate. The photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite layer, a first blocking layer extending between the pixel electrode and the perovskite layer, and a second blocking layer extending between the transparent electrode and the perovskite layer. The perovskite material may have a material structure of ABX.sub.3, A.sub.2BX.sub.4, A.sub.3BX.sub.5, A.sub.4BX.sub.6, ABX.sub.4, or A.sub.n−1B.sub.nX.sub.3n+1, where: n is a positive integer in a range from 2 to 6; A includes at least one material selected from a group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr; B includes at least one material selected from a divalent transition metal, a rare earth metal, an alkaline earth metal, Ga, In, Al, Sb, Bi, and Po; and X includes at least one material selected from Cl, Br, and I.

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a perovskite material comprising negatively charged layers alternated with and neutralized by positively charged layers; the negatively charged layers having a general formula selected from the list consisting of: L.sub.n−1M.sub.nX.sub.3n+1, L.sub.nM.sub.nX.sub.3n+2, and L.sub.n−1M′.sub.nX.sub.3n+3, and the positively charged layers comprising: one or more organic ammonium cations independently selected from monovalent cations Q and divalent cations Q′, or a polyvalent cationic conjugated organic polymer Z, wherein Q, Q′ and Z comprise each a π-conjugated system in which at least 8 and preferably at least 10 atoms participate, L is a monovalent cation, M.sub.n are n independently selected metal cations averaging a valence of two, M′.sub.n are n independently selected metal cations averaging a valence equal to 2+2/n, X is a monovalent anion, and n is larger than 1.

The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device comprising an anode, a cathode, an emission layer, an undoped electron transport layer comprising a first matrix compound, and an electron injection layer comprising a second matrix compound and an alkali organic complex and/or alkali halide, wherein the undoped electron transport layer and the electron injection layer are arranged between the emission layer and the cathode, wherein the reduction potential of the first matrix compound is less negative than, the reduction potential of 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene and more negative than the reduction potential of 4,4′-bis(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)biphenyl, wherein the reduction potential in both cases is measured against Fc/Fc.sup.+ in tetrahydrofurane; and the dipole moment of the first matrix compound is selected ≥0 Debye and ≤2.5 Debye and the dipole moment of the second matrix compound is selected >2.5 and <10 Debye.

The present invention provides novel triazatruxene derivatives that are useful as hole transport materials (HTM), particularly, in optoelectronic devices. The utility of the novel compounds was confirmed in solid-state, sensitized solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskites used as light harvesters. The devices achieved high power conversion efficiencies.

The present specification provides a compound having a spiro structure, and an organic light emitting device including the same.

The present invention relates to a compound for organic light-emitting diodes that can operate organic light-emitting diodes at a low driving voltage and an organic light-emitting diode comprising the same and, more particularly, to a compound for use as a fluorescent host in organic light-emitting diodes, which can bring about excellent diode properties by operating organic light-emitting diodes at a low driving voltage, and an organic light-emitting diode comprising the same.

The present invention relates to metal amides of general Formula Ia and for their use as hole injection layer (HIL) for an Organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and a method of manufacturing Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprising an hole injection layer containing a metal amide of general Formula Ia: ##STR00001##

Metal-assisted delayed fluorescent (MADF) emitters including cyclic tetradentate platinum (II) and palladium (II) complexes employing 8H-pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]-pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]acridine and its analogues. These complexes provide improved color purity and enhanced operational stability and are suitable for luminescent labels, emitters for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and lighting applications.