In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a perovskite material comprising negatively charged layers alternated with and neutralized by positively charged layers; the negatively charged layers having a general formula selected from the list consisting of: L.sub.n−1M.sub.nX.sub.3n+1, L.sub.nM.sub.nX.sub.3n+2, and L.sub.n−1M′.sub.nX.sub.3n+3, and the positively charged layers comprising: one or more organic ammonium cations independently selected from monovalent cations Q and divalent cations Q′, or a polyvalent cationic conjugated organic polymer Z, wherein Q, Q′ and Z comprise each a π-conjugated system in which at least 8 and preferably at least 10 atoms participate, L is a monovalent cation, M.sub.n are n independently selected metal cations averaging a valence of two, M′.sub.n are n independently selected metal cations averaging a valence equal to 2+2/n, X is a monovalent anion, and n is larger than 1.

An electronic component (10) comprising a plurality of switching elements (1) which comprise, in this sequence, a first electrode (16), a molecular layer (18) bonded to a substrate, and a second electrode (20), where the molecular layer essentially consists of molecules (M) which contain a connecting group (V) and an end group (E) having a polar or ionic function, is suitable as memristive device for digital information storage.

The present invention relates to a first and second organic semiconductor layer and an organic electronic device comprising the same, wherein the organic electronic device comprises an anode, a first organic semiconductor layer, a second organic semiconductor layer and a cathode; wherein a) the first organic semiconductor layer comprises: a metal dopant, and a compound of Formula (I); and b) the second organic semiconductor layer comprises at least one radialene compound.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) for use in organic electronic devices, a composition comprising a compound of formula (IV) and at least one compound of formula (IVa) to (IVd), an organic semiconductor layer comprising the compound or composition, an organic electronic device comprising the organic semiconductor layer, and a display device comprising the organic electronic device.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to an organic light emitting diode comprising a substrate, an anode, a cathode, an emission layer, an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer stack; and to a display device or lighting device comprising the same.

The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. The organic electroluminescent device with improved driving voltage and/or power efficiency can be provided by using the organic electroluminescent compound according to the present disclosure.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) and an organic electronic device comprising a semiconductor layer which comprises a compound of formula (I).

A data storage system and method are provided for storing data in non-volatile memory devices. Binary data is received for storage in a non-volatile memory device. The binary data is converted into non-binary data comprising base-X values, where X is an integer greater than two. The non-binary data is encoded to generate a codeword and the codeword is written to a wordline of the non-volatile memory device.

Disclosed herein are an organic light emitting diode including: at least two light emitting stacks interposed between an anode and a cathode and including at least one light emitting material layer; and a charge generation layer interposed between the light emitting stacks. The charge generation layer includes an N-type charge generation layer and a P-type charge generation layer, wherein the N-type charge generation layer and the P-type charge generation layer are stacked in such direction for the N-type charge generation layer to face the anode and for the P-type charge generation layer to face the cathode. The N-type charge generation layer includes a compound represented by Formula 1. The P-type charge generation layer includes any one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by Formula 2, a compound represented by Formula 3, and a combination thereof. The material for N-type charge generation layers and the material for P-type charge generation layers of the disclosure can secure low driving voltage and long lifespan of an organic light emitting diode when used in the organic light emitting diode. Compounds of Formulae 1, 2, and 3 are as defined herein.

Provided is a compound of Chemical Formula 1: ##STR00001## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 alkoxy, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 haloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, tri(C.sub.1-60 alkyl)silyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-60 aryl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-60 heteroaryl containing at least one of O, N, Si and S, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 alkoxy, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 haloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, tri(C.sub.1-60 alkyl)silyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-60 heteroaryl containing at least one of O, N, Si and S, and Ar is C.sub.6-60 aryl, or C.sub.2-60 heteroaryl containing at least one of O, N, Si and S, wherein the C.sub.6-60 aryl, or C.sub.2-60 heteroaryl is substituted with 1 to 5 substituents each selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 alkoxy, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 haloalkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-60 haloalkoxy, halogen, cyano, and tri(C.sub.1-60 alkyl)silyl, and an organic light emitting device including the same.