A first power supply member and a second power supply member are arranged on the same side of a first member in a thickness direction of an actuator. The first power supply member includes a first external connection terminal. The second power supply member includes a second external connection terminal. The first external connection terminal and the second external connection terminal are arranged on the same positions in the thickness direction. A second insulating layer is arranged between the second power supply member and a frame body. A far end side portion on an opposite side to a side, on which the first external connection terminal protrudes, in the first power supply member is bent toward the frame body to be electrically connected with the frame body.

A preparation method tor a piezoelectric fiber is provided including a piezoelectric functional layer and an insulating layer coated on the piezoelectric functional layer. The piezoelectric functional layer includes a piezoelectric composite layer of a spiral winding structure, and the piezoelectric composite layer includes a first piezoelectric layer, a conductive layer and a second piezoelectric layer that are sequentially stacked. The preparation method piezoelectric composite layer in a direction perpendicular to the winding axis to form the piezoelectric functional layer, wherein turns of winding the piezoelectric composite layer are greater than 5, coating the piezoelectric functional layer with the insulating layer, and vacuum heating to consolidate, to prepare a preform rod.

Provided is a piezoelectric actuator, a linear driving device, and an electronic device that achieve displacement of a drive shaft of a given magnitude even in a case where a low voltage is applied. A piezoelectric actuator includes a piezoelectric material composed of a stack of plate-shaped piezoelectric elements, the piezoelectric material being expandable and contractable in a direction of a plate surface thereof; an elastic plate having the piezoelectric material formed on a plate surface of the elastic plate, and a drive shaft having one end fixed to either the piezoelectric material or the elastic plate in a direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the piezoelectric material.

A device for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves is provided herein. In one or more examples, the device comprises: a polymer infill; a first set of piezoelectric components, wherein the first set of piezoelectric components comprises one or more piezoelectric components, disposed in a first annular area interstitially in the polymer infill, the first annular area defined by a first inner ring and a first outer ring; a second set of piezoelectric components, wherein the second set of piezoelectric components comprises one or more piezoelectric components, disposed in a second annular area interstitially in the polymer infill, the second annular area defined by a second inner ring and second outer ring; and wherein the rings are spaced apart from each other radially based on one or more Gaussian distributions.

To reduce the driving loss in the diaphragm, and to ensure a good sound output in the wide bandwidth. It includes a circular coil bobbin at least partly disposed between a yoke and a magnet, a coil wound around the coil bobbin, the coil being configured to be moved with the coil bobbin where a driving current is supplied to the coil, a piezoelectric element having one end coupled to one end of the coil bobbin in a movement direction, the piezoelectric element being configured to be expanded and contracted and moved in a direction same as the movement direction where an electric current is supplied to the piezoelectric element, and a diaphragm having an inner circumference part coupled to another end of the piezoelectric element, and a coupled part of the diaphragm to the piezoelectric element and a coupled part of the piezoelectric element to the coil bobbin are positioned on a straight line in the movement direction.

A MEMS actuator includes a main body having a central portion, couplable to a substrate, and a peripheral portion suspended over the substrate when the central portion is coupled to the substrate. The peripheral portion has a deformable structure extending around the central portion, and forming successively arranged membranes. The MEMS actuator includes bearing structures and corresponding piezoelectric actuators. The bearing structures are fixed at their top to the deformable structure and laterally delimit corresponding cavities, each having a lateral opening facing the central portion of the main body and closed at the top by a membrane. A fixed part of the membrane is fixed to the underlying bearing structure and a suspended part is laterally offset with respect to the underlying bearing structure. The piezoelectric actuators are controllable to cause deformation of the corresponding membrane and rotation of the bearing structures around the central portion of the main body.

A dielectric elastomer transducer A1 includes a plurality of dielectric elastomer elements each including a dielectric elastomer layer 11 and a pair of electrode layers 12 and 13 flanking the dielectric elastomer layer 11. The plurality of dielectric elastomer elements include adjacent dielectric elastomer elements 1. One electrode layer 12 of one of the adjacent dielectric elastomer elements and one electrode layer 12 of the other one of the adjacent dielectric elastomer element have the same potential. Such a configuration ensures more stable use of the dielectric elastomer elements.

A cylindrical secondary battery includes a jelly-roll type electrode assembly having a structure in which a long sheet type positive electrode and a long sheet type negative electrode are wound with a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The cylindrical secondary battery also includes a cylindrical battery case configured to receive the jelly-roll type electrode assembly, and a piezoelectric element configured to generate electrical energy due to the volumetric expansion of the jelly-roll type electrode assembly caused by charging and discharging the jelly-roll type electrode assembly.

In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to an exemplary inventive method having steps of: providing at least one housing having a pre-determined physical structure; fixing a first edge of at least one electro-active polymer (EAP) film within the at least one housing; connecting a first edge of at least one pulling mechanism to a second edge of the at least one EAP film; where a second edge of the at least one pulling mechanism extends outside of the at least one housing; sufficiently pulling at the second edge of the at least one pulling mechanism to form at least one pre-stretched EAP film that has been stretched in a first axial direction within the at least one housing by a first pre-determined, pre-stretched amount; and where the pre-determined, pre-stretched amount is limited by the pre-determined physical structure of the housing.

A piezoelectric transducer (100) comprises a piezoelectric foil (10) with a piezoelectric material (M) exhibiting a shear piezoelectric effect (d14). An actuating structure (20) is configured to actuate the foil with actuation forces (Fu, Fd) applied at respective actuation points (Au, Ad) in respective actuation directions (U, D) to bend the foil in two opposing bending directions (S1, S2), which are orthogonal to each other and both diagonal to the polarization direction (3) of the foil, according to a saddle shape deformation. Preferably, the foil (10) is wrapped around a flexible plate (15).