A controlled nuclear fusion system includes a vacuum chamber, an electrode cage shaped in a first closed-loop tube in the vacuum chamber, wherein the electrode cage comprises electrically conductive wires configured to confine ions and electrons in the electrode cage and a toroidal electromagnetic coil coiled around outside of the electrode cage and configured to produce a closed-loop magnetic flux in the electrode cage.

A method of forming a metal coated article, comprises forming a metal halide in a molten salt plating bath at a first temperature, wherein forming the metal halide in the molten salt further comprises forming at least one functional metal halide electrolyte; and forming at least two auxiliary metal halide electrolytes at eutectic conditions; increasing the first temperature to a second temperature; forming a plated metal coating from the at least one functional metal halide electrolyte, onto a thermally conductive substrate; and introducing at least one of deuterium and tritium into the plated metal coating.

An example method includes directing gas, via one or more first valves, from within an inner electrode to an acceleration region between the inner electrode and an outer electrode that substantially surrounds the inner electrode, directing gas, via two or more second valves, from outside the outer electrode to the acceleration region, and applying, via a power supply, a voltage between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, thereby converting at least a portion of the directed gas into a plasma saving a substantially annular cross section, the plasma flowing axially within the acceleration region toward a first end of the inner electrode and a first end of the outer electrode and, thereafter, establishing a Z-pinch plasma that flows between the first end of the outer electrode and the first end of the inner electrode. Related plasma confinement systems and methods are also disclosed herein.

A bifilar winding system for the manufacture of poloidal field superconducting magnets for nuclear fusion includes two superconducting coil winding production lines which are symmetrically arranged, a dropping fixture, a rotary platform and a winding mold, and an automatic control system. Each of the two winding production lines includes a conductor unwinding device, a straightener, an ultrasonic cleaning machine, a sandblasting and cleaning machine, a bending machine, an inter-turn insulation taping machine. During the winding of a coil, a superconducting conductor is unwound by the conductor unwinding device under the control of the automatic control system, then straightened, ultrasonically cleaned, sandblasted and cleaned, and bent into a desired radius, then wrapped with multiple layers of insulating tape by the inter-turn insulation taping machine, and finally fixed, by the dropping fixture, precisely on the rotary platform at a correct position within a profile of the winding mold.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

The present invention discloses an inter-layer transition forming machine for winding of a large-sized superconducting coil. A vertically movable forming mechanism and a horizontally movable forming mechanism are mounted on a fixing plate. When the winding of a large-sized superconducting coil performs inter-layer transition, an armored superconducting conductor is clamped by wedge clamping mechanisms with right- and left-handed threads on the vertically movable forming mechanism and the horizontally movable forming mechanism, and a reference line on the conductor is ensured to be aligned with a reference line on a forming mold. The vertically movable forming mechanism is pressed down, under the drive of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, in a vertical direction to form inter-layer transition, and the horizontally movable forming mechanism moves in a horizontal direction according to the reduction of the vertically movable forming mechanism.

An assembly method for a silicon cooling arm is disclosed. Its design point is that the strut stop (1), the coaxial connector (4), and the rotary table are all arranged on the cylindrical-shaped connecting shaft (3), a plurality of radial slots are set on the coaxial connector (4), a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are set on the rotary table (5), and the structure of the arc-shaped groove (5-3) is that the distance between the bulb (2-3) and the center of the rotary table monotonically increases or decreases when the bulb (2-3) moves from the one end to the other end of the arc-shaped groove (5-3), the bulb of the strut is disposed in the arc-shaped groove, and the strut passes through radial slot, the upper part of the strut (not including the top part that goes outside the strut stop) is hinged to the strut stop.

Provided is a hydrogen isotope adsorbent with differential binding properties and including mesoporous silica doped with fluorine.

A method of protecting a superconducting magnet from quenches, the superconducting magnet having at least one primary coil comprising high temperature superconductor, HTS, material. A secondary HTS tape is provided, the secondary HTS tape being in proximity to and electrically insulated from the primary coil, and being configured to cease superconducting at a lower temperature than the primary coil during operation of the magnet. A loss of superconductivity in the secondary HTS tape is detected. In response to said detection, energy is dumped from the primary coil into an external resistive load.

A non-resonance photo-neutralizer for negative ion-based neutral beam injectors. The non-resonance photo-neutralizer utilizes a nonresonant photon accumulation, wherein the path of a photon becomes tangled and trapped in a certain space region, i.e., the photon trap. The trap is preferably formed by two smooth mirror surfaces facing each other with at least one of the mirrors being concave. In its simplest form, the trap is elliptical. A confinement region is a region near a family of normals, which are common to both mirror surfaces. The photons with a sufficiently small angle of deviation from the nearest common normal are confined. Depending on specific conditions, the shape of the mirror surface may be one of spherical, elliptical, cylindrical, or toroidal geometry, or a combination thereof.