An electric generator has a stator, a rotor and a coil on the stator or the rotor. The coil includes a plurality of turns of one or more high-temperature superconducting conductors shaped as a tape. Each tape conductor includes a substrate having a flat section and a high-temperature superconducting layer, the high-temperature superconducting layer being laid over one of the two major sides of the substrate, the high-temperature superconducting layer having a width in a direction parallel to the major side of the substrate. The turns of the coil are stacked in such a way that the major sides of the substrate are superposed to one another to form a coil section having a first dimension parallel to the width of the high-temperature superconducting layer and a second dimension orthogonal to the first dimension, the ratio between the first dimension and the second dimension being between 2 and 5.

Power transmission systems with cooling mechanisms, and methods of operating the same, are described. A power transmission system can include multiple support tower assemblies. Each of the support tower assemblies includes a support tower. One or more of the support tower assemblies includes a termination (i.e., a connection point via which electrical current and/or coolant can enter the transmission line and/or exit the transmission line). The power transmission system also includes multiple conductor assemblies suspended above a surface of the earth. Each conductor assembly includes an electrical conductor and is positioned between, and mechanically supported by, a pair of the support towers. The power transmission system also includes a coolant supply system that delivers a coolant fluid, during operation of the power transmission system, to at least one of the terminations, for cooling of the conductor assemblies.

When bending a superconducting cable of a stack conductor structure in which a plurality of layers of tape wires are stacked, a twisting process is performed for the superconducting cable immediately before a bending portion of the superconducting cable.

A niobic acid aqueous solution is provided having higher dispersibility than an ammonium niobate sol and having better solubility than a complex salt of niobic acid. The niobic acid aqueous solution contains 0.1 to 40 mass % of niobium in terms of Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, wherein no particles of 1.0 nm or more are detected in the particle size distribution measurement using dynamic light scattering. A method for producing the same includes adding a niobium fluoride aqueous solution containing 1 to 100 g/L of niobium in terms of Nb.sub.2O.sub.5 to an ammonia aqueous solution having an ammonia concentration of 20 to 30 mass % and reacting them, removing fluorine from the obtained reaction solution, and adding at least one selected from amines and ammonia to the obtained solution and reacting them.

A superconducting cable system includes a superconducting cable (1); a first cryogenic jacket (2) containing the cable (1); and a superconducting device (8) connected to the cable (1). The superconducting cable system also has a second cryogenic jacket (7) containing the superconducting device (8); at least one first terminal (3) connected to the superconducting device (8); and a cooling unit (4) connected to the at least one first terminal (3).

A method of protecting a superconducting magnet from quenches, the superconducting magnet having at least one primary coil comprising high temperature superconductor, HTS, material. A secondary HTS tape is provided, the secondary HTS tape being in proximity to and electrically insulated from the primary coil, and being configured to cease superconducting at a lower temperature than the primary coil during operation of the magnet. A loss of superconductivity in the secondary HTS tape is detected. In response to said detection, energy is dumped from the primary coil into an external resistive load.

The invention provides an assembly comprising a cryostat (6, 7, 8, 9) and a flat coil layer (3) of superconducting coils (2) for use with a magnetic levitation and/or acceleration motor system (1) of a lithographic apparatus. The cryostat comprises two insulation coverings (8, 9). The coil layer is arranged between the two coverings. The coverings each comprise an inner plate (10) configured to be cryocooled and an outer plate (11) parallel to the inner plate, and an insulation system with a vacuum layer (13) between the inner and outer plate. The insulation system of said covering comprises a layer of circular bodies (101), the central axes of these bodies extending perpendicular to the inner and outer plate, and is configured to provide a layer of point contacts between two layers of circular bodies or between a layer of circular bodies and the inner and/or outer plate.

An evaporatively cooled device and a system including the same. In some embodiments, the system includes an oligolayer conductive sheet; a superconductor; a tunneling barrier, between the oligolayer conductive sheet and the superconductor; and a bias circuit, configured to apply a bias voltage across the tunneling barrier, the bias voltage being less than a gap voltage of the superconductor and greater than one-half of the gap voltage of the superconductor.

The present invention is a superconducting wire including: a wire formed of a superconducting material; and a superconducting stabilization material disposed in contact with the wire, in which the superconducting stabilization material is formed of a copper material which contains: one or more types of additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements in a total of 3 ppm by mass to 400 ppm by mass; a balance being Cu and inevitable impurities, and in which a total concentration of the inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S which are gas components is 5 ppm by mass to 100 ppm by mass.

An oxide superconducting bulk magnet able to prevent breakage of a superconducting bulk member and able to give a sufficient amount of total magnetic flux at a superconducting bulk member surface even under high magnetic field strength conditions, comprising an oxide superconducting bulk laminate formed from sheet-shaped oxide superconducting bulk members and high strength reinforcing members arranged between the stacked oxide superconducting bulk members, the outer circumference of the oxide superconducting bulk laminate being provided with an outer circumference reinforcing member.